Wastewater system, wetlands

Wallace, S., Feasibility, Design Criteria, and O M Requirements for Small Scale Constructed Wetland Wastewater Treatment Systems, IWA Publishing, London, 2006. 

Smith, M., and Kahn, M., 2000, Floating Wetland Covers In Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems. Quebec 2000 Millennium Wetland Event, Quebec City, Canada, August 6-12, 2000. 

Galletti A, A1 Aukidy M, Verlicchi P, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2010) Pharmaceuticals removal in a H-SSF treating a secondary domestic wastewater - an experimental investigation. Proc. IWA Conference Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Venice, 382-384... 

Some fixed filtration systems are relatively inexpensive. For example, constructed wetlands and sand filters are generally the most successful methods of polishing the treated wastewater effluent from lagoons. These systems have also been used with more traditional, engineered primary treatment technologies such as septic tanks and primary clarifiers. In such constructed wetlands, the system utilizes the roots of plants to provide substrate for the growth of attached bacteria, which utilize the nutrients present in the effluents and for the transfer of oxygen. 

Constmcted wetlands use biological processes inherent in natnral wetlands and a system designed to optimize those processes to treat wastewater contaminants specific to a particnlar site. Constructed wetlands are passive treatment systems that mimic, rather than overcome, natnral processes. Consequently, the cost of operation and maintenance is significantly lower than for... 

Mine Drainage. In recent years it has become clear that the environmental impact of acid mine drainage can be minimized by the construction of artificial wetlands that combine geochemistry and biological treatments. These systems are being designed for a range of wastewaters, most of which fall outside the scope of this article. 

NoUer, B. N., R H. Woods, and B. J. Ross (1992). Case smdies of wetland filtration of mine wastewater in constmcted and natnraUy occnrring systems in northern Australia. Water Science Technol. Proc. lAWQ 3rd Int. Specialist Conf. Wetland Syst. Water Pollut. Control, Nov. 23-25, 1992, Sydney, Australia, 29, 4, 257-265. Pergamon Press, Tarrytown, NY. 

Engineered reed-bed and constructed wetland systems for removal of heavy metals from wastewater using phytoremediation are in use in some developed Asian countries. The root system of the hyper-accumulator plant penetrates a permeable rock bed. The wastewater is introduced into one end of the bed and flows through the permeable rock layer. The rock layer should be inert to heavy metals binding so that it does not unwittingly serve as a sink for heavy metals. These metals are sequestered by the root system and translocated to the shoots. Periodically, the metal-containing shoots are harvested. The biomass can be burned off or composted to yield a low volume of metal-rich ash. 

Lorion, R. (2001). Constructed wetlands Passive systems for wastewater treatment. Available at http // clu-in.org. 

Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems. Waste-water and storm-water effluents can be treated and reused in natural systems of plants, algae, and other living organisms. Sequenced constructed ecosystems mimic natural processes of land and water habitats. Applications include greenhouses, rain gardens, aquatic systems, and wetlands remediation. 

Leslie Behrends (decentralized wastewater technology tidal-flow reciprocating wetlands), President, Tidal-flow Reciprocating Wetlands LLC Consultant/Partner for ReCip systems, Florence, AL... 

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