Wastewater photocatalytic treatment

Liu, Z He, Y Li, F. and Liu, Y. (2006) Photocatalytic treatment of RDX wastewater with nano-sized titanium dioxide. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 13, 328—332. 

Arslan-Alaton, I. Balcioglu, I. A. Heterogenous photocatalytic treatment of dyebath wastewater in a TFFB reactor. AATCC Review 2002, 2, 33-36. 

Manilal YB, Haridas A, Alexander R, Surrender GD. Photocatalytic treatment of toxic organics in wastewater toxicity of photodegradation products. Water Res 1992 26 1035-1038. 

Sager G (1999) Photocatalytic Treatment of an Industrial Wastewater in the Double-Skin Sheet Reactor, Chem. Eng. Technol. 22,... 

Dillert R, Vollmer S, Schober M, Theur-ich J, Bahnemann D, Arnte H-J, Pahl-mann K, Wienefeld J, Schmedding T, Sager G (1999) Photocatalytic Treatment of an Industrial Wastewater in the Double-Skin Sheet Reactor, Chem. Eng. Technol. 22 931-934. 

General Aspects of Use of Solid Catalysts in Water Purification Technologies. -1.1.1 Photocatalytic Treatments of Wastewater. There are several excellent reviews on photocatalytic treatments of wastewater which include not only the use of Ti02 as a photocatalyst, but also its combination with H2O2 or Fe /H202 (the so-called photo-Fenton process) in order to improve the effi-... 

S. W. Zou. Photocatalytic treatment of wastewater contaminated with organic waste and heavy metal from semiconductor industry. M.Eng. dissertation. National University of Singapore, Singapore (2005). 

In a recent article, Herrmann has shown the feasibility of photocatalytic treatment of an actual highly loaded industrial wastewater (Fig. 11) [26]. In that experiment, the foul-smelling black-colored waste was diluted 1000 times before treatment. The treatment started after an... 

Several reports have appeared in the literature on the photocatalytic treatment of industrial effluents such as textile effluents [82-84], rinse waters of pesticide containers [85], wastewater from a phenohc resin factory [86], distillation effluents from a pharmaceutical company [86], waters that are produced during recovery of natural gas and crude... 

Fig.n Kinetics of the decrease of the COD (in mg kg ) during the photocatalytic treatment of a real industrial wastewater (diluted 1000 times) [26]. 

Ugurlu, M. and Karaoglu, M.H. (2011) Ti02 supported on sepiolite preparation, structural and thermal characterization and catalytic behaviour in photocatalytic treatment of phenol and lignin from olive mill wastewater. Chem. Eng. J., 166, 859-867. 

Guemter, S. et al., Photocatalytic composite element for cleavage of hydrogen containing compounds, especially, for hydrocarbon decomposition and wastewater treatment, German Patent No. DE 10210465,2003. 

These factors have led researchers to examine novel methods for tire degradation of these contaminants, including liquid-phase photocatalytic oxidation. The treatment of wastewaters contaminated with agents like chlorinated aromatics has also prompted research into the optimum methods of integrating chemical oxidation techniques with existing water treatment methods, particularly biological treatment and ozonation techniques [37],... 

The demand to develop efficient systems for pollutant abatement and wastewater treatment has brought some researchers to develop systems in which the photocatalytic process is combined with other methods with the purpose to increase its efficiency and to decrease the reaction time thanks to a synergistic effect. 

Chan AHC, Porter JF, Barford JP, Chan CK. Photocatalytic thin film cascade reactor for treatment of organic compounds in wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2001 44 187-195. 

The feasibility of applying solar radiation as a source of UV-visible radiation has made the photo-Fenton system an economical and competitive process. Within this context an alternative method has been developed based on solar photocatalytic oxidation and natural processes of wastewater treatment [5], as well as sunlight-driven degradations of many compounds, such as EDTA [30], phenols [7,13], pesticides [31-33], surfactants [34], diclofenac [24], formic acid [22], azo-dyes [19], non-biodegradable chlorinated solvents [35], nitroaniline [16], and other organic compounds [21, 36]. 

This has led to an increased interest in the elucidation of the mechanistic details of such reactions and the photocatalytic properties of particulate semiconductors for the purposes of either trying to improve process efficiency prior to engineering scale-up or, in the case of acid rain production, deliberate inhibition. Indeed, as has been noted by Ollis and Al-Ekabi [44] and more recently reiterated by Hoffmann et al. [45], the average publication rate over the last 10 years in the areas of water, air and wastewater treatment alone exceeds 200 papers per year. The publication of authoritative review articles on colloidal semiconductors over the last decade has been correspondingly prolific [44-68] and the interested reader is referred to them for information beyond the scope of this review. 

Rincdn, A.G. and Pulgarin, C. (2005) Use of coaxial photocatalytic reactor (CAPHORE) in the Ti02 photo-assisted treatment of mixed E. coli and Bacillus sp. and bacterial community present in wastewater. Catal. Today 101, 331-344. 

A recent example is the optical fiber monolith reactor, reported by Lin and Valsaraj (208). They used a monolith for photocatalytic wastewater treatment with the channels of the monolith completely filled with flowing liquid. The monolith structure was used merely as the distributor of the optical fibers, but the benefits of monolith, such as low-pressure drop and excellent mass transfer characteristics for multiphase systems, were not fully exploited. 

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