Waste Water Other than Sewage

Lime products are widely used to treat waste water to  

A comprehensive treatment of the many permutations of types of waste water, the impurities to be removed and their interactions with the form of the lime product used is beyond the scope of this work. The following sections indicate some of the more important factors to be considered. Because of the complexity of the subject, it is generally advisable to carry out detailed laboratory evaluations of the processes being considered. 

The alkalis conunonly used for acid neutralisation are listed in Table 28.5, together with their theoretical chemical formulae and equivalent weights. Quick- 

Name Theoretical formula Molecular weight Equivalent weight 

ITie economics of using a particular alkali to neutralise a specified quality of acidic effluent depend on a number of factors, the more important of which include  

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Dimethylformamide has been measured in ambient air near a fibre plant and near waste facilities. It has rarely been found in water samples in the United States, other than at sewage treatment plants or in effluents of plants likely to have been using dimethylformamide. Levels measured were very low (WHO, 1991). It has been detected at low levels in drinking-water, surface water, wastewater and ambient air samples (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

Alumina itself, the product of the Bayer process, is important for many industrial applications other than for the production of aluminum. The red mud wastes that comprise the impurities removed from bauxite during alumina preparation are employed in steel making, the manufacture of red pigments, and for the production of chemicals used for water and sewage treatment [44] (see Section 12.5.1). 

Dickey Report, p. 105, emphasis in original. See also 13002 of the Dickey Act, which referred to the use of water for any beneficial use other than the use for disposal of sewage and industrial wastes. ... 

Saline Water for Municipal Distribution. Only a very small amount of potable water is actually taken by people or animals internally, and it is quite uneconomical to desalinate all municipally piped water, although all distributed water must be clear and free of harmful bacteria. Most of the water piped to cities and industry is used for Htfle more than to carry off small amounts of waste materials or waste heat. In many locations, seawater can be used for most of this service. If chlorination is requited, it can be accompHshed by direct electrolysis of the dissolved salt (21). Arrayed against the obvious advantage of economy, there are several disadvantages use of seawater requites different detergents sewage treatment plants must be modified the usual metal pipes, pumps, condensers, coolers, meters, and other equipment corrode more readily chlorination could cause environmental poUution and dual water systems must be built and maintained. 

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