Washing out

Moreover, multivariate optimization, the simultaneous optimization of several properties, will increasingly come into focus. A drug should have high selectivity in binding to different receptors and minimal toxicity, good solubility and penetration, and so on. A hair color should have a brilliant shine, be absorbed well, not be washed out, not damage the hair, not be toxic, and be stable under sunlight, etc. 

The cuprous and silver acetylides are both explosive when dry. Therefore when these tests are completed, wash out the gas-jars thoroughly with water. 

Then cool the reaction-mixture, filter it at the pump, leaving a black residue of selenium, and wash out the flask twice with 2x5 ml. of acetic acid, passing the washings also through the filter. Dilute the united filtrates with water, and make the solution alkaline with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide, which precipitates the camphorquinone. Cool, filter off the yellow camphorquinone at the pump, wash with water and drain thoroughly. 

After the 45 minutes heating, pour the contents of the flask into a large excess of cold water (about 300 ml.), in which the nitrobenzene, being heavier than water, sinks to the bottom. Stir the mixture vigorously in order to wash out as much acid as... 

Add 23 g. of powdered (or flake ) sodium hydroxide to a solution of 15 ml. (18 g.) of nitrobenzene in 120 ml. of methanol contained in a 250 ml. short-necked bolt-head flask. Fix a reflux water-condenser to the flask and boil the solution on a water-bath for 3 hours, shaking the product vigorously at intervals to ensure thorough mixing. Then fit a bent delivery-tube to the flask, and reverse the condenser for distillation, as in Fig. 59, p. 100, or Fig. 23(D), p. 45). Place the flask in the boiling water-bath (since methanol will not readily distil when heated on a water-bath) and distil off as much methanol as possible. Then pour the residual product with stirring into about 250 ml. of cold water wash out the flask with water, and then acidify the mixture with hydrochloric acid. The crude azoxybenzene separates as a heavy oil, which when thoroughly stirred soon solidifies, particularly if the mixture is cooled in ice-water. 

Transfer the quinoline chlorozincate to a beaker, add a small quantity of water, and then add 10% sodium hydroxide solution until the initial precipitate of zinc hydroxide completely redissolves, and the free quinoline separates. Transfer the mixture to a separating-funnel, wash out the beaker with ether, adding the washings also to the solution in the funnel, and then extract the quinoline twice with ether. Dry the united ethereal extracts by adding an ample quantity of powdered potassium hydroxide and... 

Cool the reaction-solution, and pour it into a 250 ml. beaker, washing out the flask with ca. 50 ml. of water into the beaker. Chill the solution in ice-water and add dilute hydrochloric acid with stirring until the solution is just acid when spotted externally on to Congo Red paper. The arsinic acid rapidly separates. Filter at the pump, wash well with water and drain. (Yield of crude dry product, 7-5-8 o g. m.p. 200-203°.)... 

Principle. A known weight of the substance is heated with fuming nitric acid and silver nitrate in a sealed tube. The organic material is thus oxidised to carbon dioxide and water, whilst the halogen is converted quantitatively into the corresponding silver halide. The latter js subsequently washed out of the tube, filtered and weighed. 

Note, (i) In view of the large volume of. "l/.NaOH solution required in the above titrations, the contents of the flask A after hydrolysis niay alternatively be washed carefully into a 100 ml. graduated flask, and the solution made up to the mark and well mixed. 25 ml. of the-solution are then withdrawn with a pipette, and titrated with the A/.NaOH solution. The 100 ml. flask is then washed out repeatedly with distilled water, and used similarly for the contents of the flask B. 

There are problems in use of the frit nebulizer. Memory effects tend to be severe, and each sample needs to be followed by several wash-outs with clean solvent before the pores of the frit become free of residual sample. Biological samples frequently contain detergent-like materials, and... 

Semipermanent hair color products have the advantage of being removable if a consumer is not satisfied with the result, the color is gradually washed out of the hair. The products are perceived as very gentie. The ease of removal of these products is also a disadvantage because a consumer needs to reapply the color after every 6—8 shampoos to maintain the color. 

This same experimental approach can be used to determine the appHcabiUty of the aDAS—AP to a competitive assay for DAS. As shown in Eigure 6, increasing amounts of free DAS were used to define the 50% inhibition level (ID q) of DAS for binding of two aDAS—AP conjugates to immobilized DAS. This approach was also used to determine the sensitivity of an EIA, as well as the specificity of the assay, as shown in Table 2. Increasing amounts of trichothecene mycotoxins closely related to DAS were added to microtiter plate wells containing a constant amount of prereacted DAS—aDAS—AP. After 30 min, excess toxin and any free toxin—aDAS—AP were washed out, and substrate was added. Quantification of the color produced was directly related to the abihty of the added toxin to displace aDAS—AP from the immobilized DAS, which is an indication that the aDAS also has an avidity for that toxin. 

Undiluted DMAMP, AMP-95, and AB cause eye bums and permanent damage, if not washed out immediately. They are also severely irritating to the skin, causing bums by prolonged or repeated contact. Of these three aLkanolarnines, only AMP has been studied in subchronic and chronic oral studies. The principal effect noted was the action of AMP on the stomach as a result of its alkalinity. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) in a one-year feeding study in dogs was 110 ppm in the diet. In general, the low volatility and appHcations for which these products are used preclude the likelihood of exposure by inhalation. 

AEPD is severely irritating to the eyes and should be washed out immediately on contact it is only mildly irritating to the skin. 

Gibbsite usually contains several tenths of a percent of alkaU metal ions the technical product, precipitated from a sodium aluminate solution, contains up to 0.3% Na20 wliich carmot be washed out even using dilute HQ. Several authors (1,2) suggest that these alkaU ions are an essential component of gibbsite structure. 

The right-reading positive image resides on the receptor film after lamination, exposure through a positive, and wash-out of the unexposed areas with a solvent or aqueous developer. The four-color proof is built up by the sequential lamination, exposure, and development steps. 

Technetium-99m teboroxime is a myocardial imaging agent and is excreted primarily by the hepatobiliary system. It is rapidly taken up by the myocardium and mosdy washes out within 30 minutes. Imaging protocols are performed immediately after injection. The product is a lyopbili ed mixture of boronic acid, dioxine, and other excipients, and the agent is formed with a beating step. 

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