Wall water jacket

Solutions A and B were injected by a double jet at a rate of 1.68 dm h into a closed standard double-walled, water-jacketed. 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the oxygen side blow furnace 1. Groundsill, 2. crucible, 3. nozzle, 4. first floor water jacket, 5. second flow water jacket, 6. third flow water jacket, 7. top water jacket, 8. feed inlet, 9. flue, 10. forth floor water jacket, 11. crucible water jacket, 12. observation port, 13. brick, 14. wall water jacket, 15. slag tap, 16. overflow, 17. siphon well cover, 18. safety port...

Hot water funnels. Three varieties of hot water funnel are illustrated m Fig. II, I, 6. Type (a) consists of a double-walled copper jacket to... 

In another case, acidic water was used to clean the inside of the water Jacket that surrounded a glass-lined vessel. Some hydrogen diffused through the wall of the vessel and developed sufficient pressure to crack the glass lining. 

The body cylinder is usually cast iron with integral internal water jackets for cylinder wall cooling. These water jackets are tested for tightness. 

Bozzetto (Bergamo, Italy) offers a continuous chlorosulfonic acid sulfona-tion process which comprises two water-jacketed glass vessels for sulfonation and neutralization, and an HC1 absorption column. Organic feedstock and chlorosulfonic acid are mixed on a rotating disk. Under the centrifugal action of the disk, the reaction mixture is sprayed as a thin film onto the wall of the reaction vessel. The acid product falls to the base of the reactor and then onto a similar rotating disk system, where it is mixed with alkali and sprayed onto the wall of the neutralization vessel. The unit is operated under slightly reduced pressure to remove HC1 gas. 

The film coefficients for the water jacket were in the range 635-1170 W/nr K for water rates of l. 44—9.23 1/s, respectively. It may be noted that 7.58 1/s corresponds to a vertical velocity of only 0.061 m/s and to a Reynolds number in the annulus of 5350. The thermal resistance of the wall of the pan was important, since with the sulphonator it accounted for 13 per cent of the total resistance at 32.3 K and 31 per cent at 403 K. The change in viscosity with temperature is important when considering these processes, since, for example, the viscosity of the sulphonation liquors ranged from 340 mN s/rn2 al 323 K to 22 mN s/m2 at 40.3 K. 

St., Newark 5, New Jersey 07105. The lamp was suspended vertieally in a cylindrical, double-walled, Pyrex jacket cooled by flowing water. The inside diameter, outside diameter, and length of the cooling jacket were 3, 4, and 22 cm., respectively. The cooling jacket was clamped in place ca. 5 cm. from the reaction vessel to allow the cooling bath to be raised into position. The use of the 200-W. lamp did not alter the reaction time. 

About three tons of control gear together with a (ton) block of titanium were projected upwards through several feet. Hundreds of square feet of glass and panelling were removed from the roof and walls of the building. The water jacket, made of i inch steel, was blown apart. 

The electron gun is located at the outer wall of the accelerating cavity, and the electrons are injected into the cavity at a voltage of abouf 35-40 kV. The cavify is cooled by a water jacket on the inner coaxial conductor and at the end flanges and by discrefe water channels along the outer diameter. The system is designed to operate with a 2 MW cooling tower up to an outside temperature of 35°C (95°F). Therefore, no water chiller is required. The RF amplifier defects and follows changes in fhe resonant frequency of the cavity so that accurate control of the cavity temperature is not required. 

The cell for rotating electrodes, Fig. 7, is usually cylindrical and surrounded by a water jacket for thermostatting purposes, but as long as the cell walls are more than 1 cm or so from the rotating assembly, there are usually no cell edge effects. The auxiliary electrode is very often contained in a separate compartment behind a glass frit in order to avoid contamination problems. A Luggin capillary, where required, can be positioned in various ways unless it is more than 0.5 cm from the electrode, it must be placed under the centre of the disc in order to avoid a non-equipotential surface this can cause some problems with disturbance of the fluid flow. 

The reactor containment is another choice that requires consideration. Some means of protecting the pressure shell from the reaction temperature is required. The alternatives are a) refractory lining, b) a water-cooled membrane wall between the reaction space and the pressure shell, or c) a water jacket integral to the pressure shell. Although most processes have settled for one system or another. Future Energy offers a choice between all three according to application. 

Apparatus used for chemical distillation. The liquid in the left-hand bulb is heated over a Bunsen burner, and a reagent is added from the flask above it. The products of the ensuing chemical reaction can then be separated by distillation. The most volatile compound will boil off at the lowest temperature. Its vapor passes into the condenser, a tube that is surrounded by a cooling water jacket. The hot vapor cools and condenses on the walls of the tube and is then collected in the "receiver" flask on the right of the photo. (Courtesy of David Taylor/Science Photo Library)... 

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