W-Propyl alcohol

A solution of 105.1 g. (0.5 mole) of benzil (Note 1) in 325 ml. of w-propyl alcohol is prepared in a 1-1. round-bottomed flask which is fitted with an efficient reflux condenser. To this solution 76 g. (1.30 moles) of 85% hydrazine hydrate (Note 2) is added, and the mixture (Note 2) is heated under reflux for 60 hours. The solution is cooled with an ice bath, and the benzil dihydrazone is separated by suction filtration. The crystals are washed with 200 ml. of cold, absolute ethanol and dried (Note 3) on the suction filter for 1 hour. The yield of benzil dihydrazone is 99-106 g. (83-89%), m.p. 150-151.5°. 

If desired, the alcohol may be identified as the 3 5-dinitrobenzoate (Section 111,27) it is then best to repeat the experiment on a larger scale and to replace the dilute hydrochloric acid by dilute sulphuric acid. It must, however, be pointed out that the reaction is not always so simple as indicated in the above equation. Olefine formation and rearrangement of the alcohol sometimes occur thus n-propylamine yields w propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and propylene. 

One hundred grams (125 cc.) (1.6 moles) of w-propyl alcohol, b.p. 96-96.6°, is placed in a 2-1. three-neck, round-bottom flask fitted with a mercury-seal stirrer (Note 1), a dropping funnel and a 60-cm. bulb condenser (Note 2) set at an angle of 45°. Water at 600 is kept circulating through this condenser. A condenser set for downward distillation is connected to the top of the first condenser. Cold water circulates through the second condenser. By means of an adapter, the lower end of the latter condenser is fitted to a receiver which is cooled with ice water. 

Carbon disulphide -Ether Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol -w-Propyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol -%-Butyl alcohol... 

Isobutyl propionate, MeCOOH isobutyl propionate, w-propyl alcohol Propionic acid... 

The products of the reactions of carbon monoxide with w-propyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol, respectively, consisted mainly of isobutyric acid (m.p. and mixed m.p. of p-toluidide 104-105°) and 2-methylbutyric acid (m.p. and mixed m.p. of anilide 108-109°, m.p. of p-toluidide, 92-93°) and small... 

Solvent residues from printing and adhesives have the potential to cause food tainting. Typical solvents used in printing with characteristic, easily detectable odors are aliphatic esters, such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and w-propyl acetate, the alcohols isopropyl alcohol and w-propyl alcohol and hydrocarbon mixtures, particularly aromatics. Regular tests are carried out by printers of food packaging to ensure that the concentrations of solvent residues are maintained below the odor and tainting threshold levels. The most widely used analytical technique to measure the levels of solvent residues is GC head-space analysis. Portions of the packaging are placed in sealed vials or other suitable containers and heated... 

Photolytic. p-Nitrophenol and paraoxon were formed from the irradiation of parathion in water, aqueous methanol and aqueous w-propyl alcohol solutions by a low-pressure mercury lamp. Degradation was more rapid in water than in organic solvent/water mixtures withp-nitrophenol forming as the major product (Mansour et al., 1983). When parathion in aqueous tetrahydrofuran or ethanol solutions (80%) was irradiated at 2537 A, 0,0,S-triethylthiophosphate formed as the major product (Grunwell and Erickson, 1973). Minor photoproducts included 0,(9,(9-triethylthiophosphate, triethylphosphate, paraoxon and traces of ethanethiol and / -nitrophenol. 

FIGURE 5.21 High-speed isothermal separation of a 20-component mixture using a pressure-tunable column ensemble. The plots of band position versus time were obtained from the retention factors for the mixture components on the two separate colimms along with the column dimensions and the inlet, outlet and junction point pressures. A window diagram was used to determine the junction point pressure for the complete separation of the first 14 components. Compounds are 1, n-pentane 2, methyl alcohol 3, 2,2-dimethylbntane 4, 1,1,1-trichloroethane 5, cyclopentane 6, w-hexane 7, w-propyl alcohol 8, cyclohexane 9, benzene 10, n-heptane 11, l,2-dichloropropane 12, toluene 13, n-bntyl alcohol 14, w-octane 15, 2-hexyl alcohol 16, n-pentyl alcohol 17, ethylbenzene 18, m-xylene 19, w-nonane 20, o-xylene. 

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