Voluntary codes safety

Schonfeld, C., M. Sheehan and D. Steinhardt (2005). A Content Analysis of Australian Motor Vehicle Advertising Effects of the 2002 Voluntary Code on Restricting the Use of Unsafe Driving Themes. In Proceedings Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, pp. 1-5, Wellington, NZ. 

A voluntary Code of Practice for ISAs and a supporting Competency Framework for ISAs have been developed by the ISA Working Group of the lET and BCS. They apply to anyone who is required to form an independent judgement in respect of the safety of a system, whether or not they are called an ISA. Together, they address significant issues that have arisen in the use of independent safety assessment over the last decade or so. They cover not just the technical aspects of independent safety assessment but also - and importantly - the non-technical aspects including the relationship and mutual expectations between an ISA and the system developer. 

The automobile industry in Australia hides behind an industry-derived, voluntary code of advertising practice that defends most complaints of the kind cited above with the facile statement that the advertisements portray off-road events that are clearly fanciful and could not, therefore, induce inappropriate behaviour The fantasy defence has been called the industry s get out of jail free card, which illustrates the poor regard in which the code is held by traffic safety professionals and concerned citizens. 

Schonfeld, C., D. Steinhardt, and M. Sheehan. A content analysis of Australian motor vehicle advertising Effects of the 2002 voluntary code on restricting the use of unsafe driving themes. In Australasian road safety research, policing and education. 2005, Wellington, New Zealand. 

Toys sold in the USA are regulated by the Consumer Products Safety Commission, and the Code of Federal Regulations covers the toy safety standards. In addition, there are a voluntary set of standards established by the American Society for Testing Materials. This article visits a laboratory that helps test new toys, Specialized Technology Resources Inc., and discovers what some of the tests involve. 

Several voluntary industry initiatives, such as ACC s Responsible Care and NACD s Responsible Distribution Process (RDP), provide guidance on process safety management for chemical manufacturers and distributors. However, no voluntary industry initiatives list specific codes or requirements for reactive hazard management. 

The Guide to Process Safety is designed to help with implementation of the Responsible Care Process Safety Code (SOCMA, 1999). The guide presents voluntary, proactive initiatives for the continuous improvement of process safety performance. 

The abandonment of detailed and prescribed regulation in favour of self-regulation sees the lines between forced and voluntary interaction with the community — in terms of looking after the health and safety of individuals — becoming blurred. Desired outcomes are set through codes of practice aimed to assist employers, but these are not mandatory. 

A nonprofit association of insurance companies that provides services for participating companies. It provides statistical, actuarial, and underwriting information for numerous affiliated insurance companies and more than a dozen lines of insurance. It maintains one of the largest private databases in the world for insurance premiums and losses paid. Included in these lines is liability, automobile, boiler and machinery, homeowners, farm, and commercial fire insurance. ISO is a voluntary, nonprofit, unincorporated association of insurers. Previous to 1971, the functions performed by ISO were undertaken by various insurance organizations in different states. ISO gathers data that are used to establish rates for fire protection policies for residential and commercial properties. ISO developed the municipal grading schedule, which is commonly used to establish a basis of insurance rates for municipalities. It is an evaluation of the fire protection features of cities and towns based on seven factors climatic conditions, water supply, fire department, fire service communications, fire safety control, building codes, and a survey report. 

ISEA s support for voluntary standards comes from its membership and participation in the ANSI Z359 committee, which is developing component standards for what it calls the Fall Protection Code, and the ANSI AlO committee for safety in construction and demolition operations, which develops the A10.32 standard for fall protection in construction. The association is officially represented on these connnittees, and some member companies are individual manbers as well. 

Pre-Robens arrangements for health and safety at work were paternalistic. Employees had a duty and a right to enforce statutory safety codes and typically this was a matter of discipline rather than co-operation. Howells regards paternalism as central to the common law approach to occupational safety, moreover The statutory safety codes which developed from these common law principles, were from the outset equally paternalistic in concept and enforcement while no doubt intended for the benefit and protection of the worker, they operated over his head rather than through his co-operation (1974 89). This approach was supplemented by a variety of voluntary rather than statutory arrangements. 

---