Voltammetry, cyclic differential pulse

Determined by direct electrochemistry at a glassy carbon electrode (cyclic, differential pulse, or square-wave voltammetry). 

The redox potentials of the ITO electrodes modified with CgoN -MePH clusters were measured by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry in the absence and presence of magnetic processing. 

Rajca and co-workers have studied star-branched and dendritic high-spin polyradicals which are potential organic magnets. Representative data were obtained for the model tetra-anionic compound 55. Three redox waves were observed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry for a four-electron process between the potentials of -2.00 and -1.20 V (vs. SCE). Electrochemical experiments with these materials have usually been performed at 200 K. The polyradicals, which are less stable for systems with more unpaired electrons, have been characterized by spectroscopic studies, ESR data, and SQUID magnetometiy. 

The cavity of diphenylglycoluril derivative 3 is well suited to partially encapsulate a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Compound 29 which contains four arms terminating with thiol groups was synthesized and treated with (n-Bu)4N 2 Fe4S4Cl4) in dimethylformamide to give cluster complex 30 [31]. The product was characterized by a number of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography. The current response of 30 was very small, but improved upon addition of a modulator, e.g. Ba or Na" ions. This behavior is similar to that observed for certain redox active enzymes [32]. As in the natural systems, a maximum response is observed when the Ba concentration is... 

Yan [43] investigated the electrochemical behavior of omeprazole on a glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry and differential-pulse... 

Osakai et al. used a microcomputer-controlled system for the ion transfer voltammetry procedure [20]. The system used is based on a NEC PC-9801 microcomputer, which was designed by using a polarizable oil-water interface as an ion-selective electrode surface. The system was applied to the determination of acetylcholine ion by cyclic, differential pulse, and normal pulse voltammetry at the PVC-nitrobenzene gel electrode. The amperometric measurement was carried out with voltage pulses of short durations and constant amplitude. 

Figure 18 Under the appropriate experimental conditions (PhMe/ MeCN, — 10°C), Ceo undergoes six reversible one-electron reductions (a) cyclic voltammetry, (b) differential pulse voltammetry. C70 displays similar properties. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 61. 1992 American Chemical Society)...

Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography have been used to investigate the redox properties of the di-Ni(II) species in acetonitrile. Effectively, a two-electron step was observed for the complex of 30, whereas that of 29 (n = 2) yielded two clear one-electron steps. This is in accord with the occurrence of an interaction between the nickel sites for the latter system containing the shorter link between the isocyclams. 

Yeh and Kuwana " were the first to report on the electrochemistry of cytochrome c at doped metal oxide semiconductor electrodes. A nearly reversible electrode reaction was indicated by the cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry of cytochrome c at tin-doped indium oxide electrodes. Except for the calculated diffusion coefficient, all of the characteristics of the electrochemistry of cytochrome c at this electrode indicated that the electrode reaction was well-behaved. A value of 0.5 x 10" cmVs was determined for the diffusion coefficient which, like previously determined values at mercury, is lower than the value obtained by nonelectrochemical methods (i.e., 1.1 X 10 cm /s " " ). The electrochemical response of cytochrome c at tin oxide semiconductor electrodes was reported to be quasi-reversible, although no details were given. " ... 

AuE gold electrode CCPE chitosan-entrapped carbon paste electrode CV cyclic voltammetry 3D-CPNE three-dimensional conducting polymer nanorods electrodes DPASV differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry DPV differential pulse voltammetry GCE glassy carbon electrode SPE screen-printed electrode SWV square wave voltammetry. 

ASV anodic stripping voltammetry ATP adenosine triphosphate AuE gold electrode CV cyclic voltammetry DPV dififerential pulse voltammetry DPASV differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry GCE assy carbon electrode MFE, mercury film electrode NPGE nanoporous gold electrode SPE screen-printed electrode. 

In order to obtain the required sensitivity levels, preconcentration techniques are needed. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (ASV) is, in this respect, a method of choice. Specific accumulation potentials applied for 30-60 s before the measurement have shifted the detection levels to the 10 -10 mol 1 interval (e.g. buprofezin requires an accumulation potential of —0.8V over a period of 60s on the hanging mercury electrode before quantitation by means cyclic voltammetry or differential pulse voltammetry, desmetryn needs an accumulation potential of —0.7 V over a period of 50 s before differential pulse voltammetry determination from micellar or emulsified media). Attempts for simultaneous determination of complex mixtures of... 

Extensive studies have been carried out to derive the voltammetric response of the different types of assisted ion transfer for different techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. This part of electrochemistry at soft interfaces has found many applications, mainly for the determination of complexation constants for liquid extraction [4], and these are of interest not only for nuclear reprocessing but also for the development of amperometric ion-selective electrodes [5]. 

Yun, Y-H. Bange, A. Shanov, V. N. Heineman, W. R. Halsall, H. B. Wong, D. K. Y. Behbehani, M. Pixley, S. Bhattachaiya, A. Dong, Z. Schulz, M. J. A Nanotube Composite Microelectrode for Monitoring Dopamine Levels using Cyclic Voltammetry and Differential Pulse Voltammetry. Submitted to the J. Nanoengineering and Nanosystems. 

Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry of a H2Pc(R-OC5Hn)4 and b H2PC (R-OC5Hii)8 in CH2CI2 containing 0.1 M NBU4CIO4 at scan rates of 20 and 10 mV s, respectively, c Structure of H2Pc(R-OC5Hn)4 and H2Pc(R-OC5Hn)8 (reproduced with permission from Ref. [14])...

Haladjian et al investigated the behavior of cytochrome C3 at the basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. They observed modifications of the adsorbed film of cytochrome c upon scanning the potentials in both the anodic and cathodic ranges. The redox potentials were found to be pH-dependent, which suggested that irreversibly denatured forms containing a hemin-like group were in close contact with the electrode surface. 

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