Voltage effect

See Standard oxidation voltage See Standard reduction voltage Effective nuclear charge Positive charge felt by the outermost electrons in an atom approximately equal to the atomic number minus the number of electrons in inner, complete levels, 154 Efflorescence Loss of water by a hydrate, 66 Effusion Movement of gas molecules through a pinhole or capillary,... 

The electronic coulometers allow extremely accurate determinations even of small current or voltage effects there may be some, although low, noise interference, but with today s computerization this and other background signals (e.g., residual current) can be easily eliminated. 

Tang, X. Dreifuss, P.A. Vertes, A. New Matrixes and Accelerating Voltage Effects in MALDI of Synthetic Polymers. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 9, 1141-1147. 

S Lacorte, C Molina, D Barcelo. Temperature and extraction voltage effect on fragmentation of organophosphorus pesticides in liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 795 13-26, 1998. 

Applied Voltage Effect on Mobility, Selectivity, and Resolution in Capill ... 

Applied Voltage Effect on Mobility Selectivity and Resolution in Capillary Electrophoresis... 

The Ki-values of the Dorlyl cable sample were measured at 20°C using different electrification voltages between 100 V and 1000 V. These measurements showed that this variable has no significant influence on the Ki-values at 20°C. Some electrification voltage effect might be expected however at higher temperatures. 

Resistivity Chargeability Shielding performance DC breakdown voltage Effects Electric field... 

Tang, X., Dreifuss, P. A., and Vertes, A., New Matrices and Accelerating Voltage Effects in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization of Symthetic Polymers, Rapid Comm. Mass. Spectrom., 9,1141,1995. 

The thermoelectric voltage effect is found in thermo couples and thermopiles. A temperature dependence of capacitance in certain materials gives rise to the pyro-electric effect. 

The most commonly used image-capture device in a digital camera is an array of CCDs. The schematic of a small portion of such an array is shown in Fig. 5. Each individual device eiement, i.e., each pixel, comprises a potential well in the doped silicon substrate. It is linearly connected with other such elements in series. Photoelectrons created by exposure of the pixel, on a more or less one-for-one basis, are trapped in the well associated with that pixel, then shifted to the well of the next pixel in the series by sequential application of a voltage to the electrodes (A, B and C in Fig. 5) adjacent to the well. The electric fields associated with these voltages effectively create artificial potential wells under the electrodes. The packets of photoelectrons ultimately emerge sequentially into an external circuit, in the inverse order to the physical arrangement of the pixels relative to the external circuit connection (drain). 

The fast response time of the OCB cell originates from three factors bias voltage effect (also known as surface mode) [57], flow effect, and half-cell switching. The switching lime between gray levels is less than 3 ms. Fast response lime is particularly important for LCD TV applications, especially at cold ambient... 

Switching of protection installations to measure the off potential should always be on the dc side, particularly if there are ac voltage effects between anode and pipeline that are rectified in the rectifier and provide a protection current, or when it is a matter of forced drainage where the drainage current flows from the pipeline via the rectifier to the rails. If the rectifiers control potential, the control circuit must also be switched off otherwise current surges will occur when it is switched on. 

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