Effect on voltage-dependent

As described above, metallic CNTs are of great interest because they possess molecular orbitals which are highly delocalised. However, metallic CNTs are very difficult to use in actual devices because they require very low temperatures to control their carrier transfer. On the contrary, even at room temperature, the nonlinear /-V jas curve and the effective gate voltage dependence have been presented by using individual semiconducting SWCNTs [29]. 

Neurotransmitter release induced by potassium-dependent depolarization is a physiologically relevant way to investigate pyrethroid effects on calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release since this process is independent of voltage-sensitive sodium channels [71]. Furthermore, potassium-stimulated calcium influx and subsequent neurotransmitter release by synaptosomes is blocked by a variety of voltage-sensitive calcium channel antagonists but not by TTX [4, 71, 72]. 

Lledo PM, Legendre P, Zhang J, Israel JM, Vincent JD (1990) Effects of dopamine on voltage-dependent potassium currents in identified rat lactotroph cells. Neuroendocrinology 52 545-555. 

Modulatory effects may be postsynaptically mediated by interactions within the spiny projection neurons, or involve presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release from corticostriatal terminals. Postsynaptic effects may be mediated by direct actions of intracellular signaling pathways (cAMP, calcineurin) on receptor status (phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation of receptor proteins), and actions on voltage-dependent channels, which may amplify or attenuate the electrical response of the cell to synaptic currents. 

In animals, the profile of antiseizure properties for CBZ is similar to that of phenytoin. CBZ is effective in the maximal electroshock (MES) test (electrically induced seizure test) but is ineffective against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures and, indeed, may exacerbate their onset (30,41). Like phenytoin, CBZ acts on voltage-dependent sodium channels to prevent the spread of seizures. CBZ depresses synaptic transmission in the reticular activating system, thalamus, and limbic structures. In a double-blind, crossover study in patients whose seizures were not controlled completely by combinations of AED, CBZ was equal in efficacy to phenobarbital and phenytoin in controlling seizure frequency, and side effects were minimal. 

Levi, A. J. Li, J. Litwin, S. E. Spitzer, K. W. Effect of internal sodium and cellular ealcium load on voltage-dependence of the lndo-1 transient in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc. Res. 1996, 32, 534-550. 

Figure 25. Effect of corrosion and prepolarization on (a) PMC voltage and (b) photocurrent voltage dependence. Left n-Si (covered with Pt particles) in contact with a 5 M HBr/0.05 M Br2 aqueous solution. A comparison is made of the PMC peak during the first and the third potential sweeps. Right n-WSe2 in contact with an aqueous 0.05 M Fe2+/3+ solution. The effect of cathodic prepolarization on position and height of the PMC peak is shown.

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