Voles Clethrionomys glareolus

It is a hantavirus that is normally found in Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia. The natural reservoir is the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and the virus is shed in it s urine. Infection occurs after inhalation of dust contaminated with excreta from infected voles or from aerosol of animal blood or fluids. Does not produce disease in animals. This is a biosafety level 3 agent. 

Shore, R.F., D.G. Myhill, E.J. Routledge, and A. Wilby. 1995. Impact of an environmentally-realistic intake of cadmium on calcium, magnesium, and phosphate metabolism in bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29 180-186. 

Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus Diet Spring 56-70 DW 88... 

Krasowska, A. and T. Wlostowski. 1996. Photoperiodic elevation of testicular zinc protects seminiferous tubules against fluoride toxicity in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113C 81-84. 

Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus collected from soil containing various concentrations of, 34, 37Cs voles analyzed less skull and digestive organs 1800 Bq/m2 soil (control)... 

Urinary lipocalins in the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus... 

Johnson, R. P. (1975) Scent marking with urine in two races of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Behaviour 55, 81-93. 

Kapusta, J. and Marchlewska-Koj, A. (1998) Interfemale aggression in adult bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Aggressive Behavior 24, 53-61. 

Koskela, E., Mappes, T. and Ylonen, H. (1997) Territorial behaviour and reproductive success of bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus females. J. Anim. Ecol. 66, 341-349. 

Rozenfeld, F. M. (1987) Urine marking by male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780 - Microtidae) in relation with their social status. Mammalia 51, 476 177. 

Kruczek, M. (2007) Recognition of kin in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Physiol. Behav. 90, 483—489. 

Rozenfeld, E. M. and Denoel, A. (1994). Chemical signals involved in spacing behavior of breeding female bank voles [Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber 1780, Microtidae, Rodentia). Journal of ChemicalEcology 20,803-813. 

J. L. Griffin, L. A. Walker, S. Garrod, E. Holmes, R. F. Shore and J. K. Nicholson, NMR spectroscopy based metabonomic studies on the comparative biochemistry of the kidney and urine of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), white toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) and the laboratory rat, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2000, 127, 357-367. 

Erry B. V., Macnair M. R., Meharg A. A., and Shore R. E. (2000) Arsenic contamination in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) on abandoned mine sites in southwest Britain. Environ. Pollut. 110, 179-187. 

Baker RJ, Bickham AM, Bondardov M, et al. (2001) Consequences of polluted environments on population structure The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) at Chornobyl. Ecotoxicology 10 211-216. 

Hantaan virus is still active in Korea, Japan, and China. Seoul virus causes a milder form of HFRS, and may be distributed worldwide. There are a number of other hantaviruses that are associated with HFRS, including Puumala virus, which is associated with chronically infected bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Recently in the United States, a new hantavirus (Sin nombre virus) has been associated with the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).9... 

Only one study compared mammal abundance and activity densities on organic and conventional farms. Brown (1999) found that activity levels of small mammals [wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and common shrew (Sorex araneus)] were greater in organic than conventional fields. He also found that grass margins were the preferred habitat compared with the cropped field area in both farming systems. 

In male rats (Rattus sp.) and mice (Mus sp.), acute oral exposure to near-fatal doses (7.0-14.0 mg Cd/kg BW daily for 90-120 days) can cause testicular atrophy and necrosis, and decreased fertility. Oral intake of cadmium disrupts calcium metabolism of laboratory and freeliving rodents. Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) on low... 

Only a small portion (0.037%) of copper mining wastes discharged into riparian wetlands is bioavailable to resident rodents, as judged by measurements of copper in carcasses of mice and voles. Populations of brown-backed voles Clethrionomys rufocanus) and other microtine rodents (Microtus spp.. Lemmas) are low or absent in the vicinity of Russian copper-nickel smelters. The reasons for this decline are unknown but may be due to a decrease in the abundance of important food plants (lichens, mosses, seed plants), and - as shown in preference studies - to an avoidance of plants from the contaminated area. Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from areas of Poland subjected to various degrees of industrial contamination have copper concentrations in tissues comparable to those in animals from polluted sites in North America and the United Kingdom... 

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