Vitamins Growth Promoting

Dlterpenes. Diterpenes contain 20 carbon atoms. The resin acids and Vitamin A are the most commercially important group of diterpenes. GibbereUic acid [77-06-5] (110), produced commercially by fermentation processes, is used as a growth promoter for plants, especially seedlings. 

Studies on competitive inhibition of Bi2 activity show that certain substituted benzimidazoles, purines, and pteridines have weak inhibitory effects in bacterial systems (SlOa). Substituted amides of Bi2 (S9) inhibited the growth-promoting effects of vitamin B12 in protozoic and bacterial systems (B5, B6). The anilide of B12 shows a definite inhibitory effect on maturation and proliferation of blood-forming cells of the chick embryo an opposite effect is induced by vitamin Bi2 (E2). 

The important investigations of Euler and Karrer show that carotene is very closely related to the growth-promoting vitamin-A.2... 

Osborne and Mendel continued their extensive studies of the nutritive values of proteins while extending the list of foods known to contain vitamines. (4jU 42) They attempted to isolate the growth promoter in butter with no success but they made significant progress in their quest for a totally synthetic diet by developing an excellent salt mixture for the basal dietaries of their rats. (43)... 

Vitamin B]2 is a red crystalline, cobalt-containing compound that can be isolated from the liver. It has a functional role in preventing pernicious anaemia and also serves as a coenzyme in hydrogen and methyl transfer reactions (Co appears to be the only metal in vivo catalyzing C transfer reactions O and N transfers are more common). Vitamin B12 is also a growth-promoting factor for several microorganisms. 

The first edition of Food Analysis by HPLC fulfilled a need because no other book was available on all major topics of food compounds for the food analyst or engineer. In this second edition, completely revised chapters on amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, organic acids, organic bases, toxins, additives, antibacterials, pesticide residues, brewery products, nitrosamines, and anions and cations contain the most recent information on sample cleanup, derivatization, separation, and detection. New chapters have been added on alcohols, phenolic compounds, pigments, and residues of growth promoters. 

Further studies have extended this promotion of auxin and gibberellin action to other fat-soluble substances, in particular some isoprenoid vitamins and related compounds (I). For instance, vitamin E, vitamin Kl9 and phytol are quite comparable in their growth-promoting ability to the fatty acid ester, methyl linoleate. But some fat-soluble vitamins are not active—for instance, vitamin A, -carotene, and vitamin D2. 

Vitamins comprise a diverse group of organic chemicals that the body needs to facilitate specific metabolic and biosynthetic processes.4 In many cases, vitamins act as enzymatic cofactors that is, the vitamin works directly with the enzyme to catalyze a specific chemical reaction. In other situations, the vitamin forms an essential component of a chemical structure or species that is needed for a specific chemical reaction. The body typically needs small amounts of vitamins to promote normal growth and development, and to maintain optimal health throughout adulthood.32... 

For many years, a number of workers have been exploring the question of whether one form of a vitamin can be a growth promoter by acting as a coenzyme (i.e., a promoter of normal and tumor cell... 

Riboflavin is produced by Clostridium, Ascomycetes and Candida species. The yield can be as high as 5 g 1 1 after 7 days 60). Gibberella fujikuroi is utilized for the synthesis of gibberellins, a group of plant hormones used for plant growth promotion. Glucose, molasses, lipid (corn oil) are usually used as carbon sources. Vitamin B12 may also be synthesized from alcohols and hydrocarbons. 

CAS 83-88-5. C17H20N4O6. A crystalline pigment, the principal growth-promoting factor of the vitamin B2 complex. It functions as a flavoprotein in tissue respiration. A syndrome resembling pellagra is thought to be due to riboflavin deficiency. 

In 1936, a growth-promoting factor termed vitamin B was isolated from bovine (cow) milk. There are now several different types of vitamin B known and chemically characterized, and they are collectively described as B complex vitamins because of relative similarities in their properties, physiological functions, and distribution in natural resources. Mostly recognized as coenzymes, the eight B complex vitamins currently include Bj (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), niacin (nicotinamide), B (pyridoxine), pantothenic acid, biotin, B22 (cyanocobalamin), and folacin (folic acid). 

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