Visual display terminals

All aspects of working with computers are covered in the multi-part standard ISO 9241 [632]. Originally titled Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) , it has been retitled by ISO to Ergonomics of human-system interaction in 2006. 

Cakir, A., Hart, D. M., and Stewart, T. F. M. (1980), Visual Display Terminals, John WUey Sons,... 

Smith, M. J. (1984a), Health Issues in VDT Work, in Visual Display Terminals Usability Issues and Health Concerns, J. Bermett, D. Case, and M. J. Smith, Eds., Prentice HaU, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 193-228. 

Grandjean, E. (1980). Ergonomics of VDUs Review of present knowledge. In E. Grandjean E. Vigliani (Eds.), Ergonomic aspects of visual display terminals (pp. 1-12). London Taylor Francis. 

ISO 9241-11. 1998. Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) Part 11 Guidance on Usability. International Organization for Standardization. Washington D.C. Distributed by the American National Standards Institute. 

Van Nes, F. L., Space, colour and typography on visual display terminals Behaviour and Information Technology (1986) 5 99-118. 

Screens on computer monitors can also create work-related cases. Reflections of light sources on the screen can cause eye strain and visual errors. The reflected glare may result from reflections of nearby windows or overhead lighting. A user may adjust the head position that leads to fatigued neck and shoulder muscles or related effects. Some call this fanrily of cumulative disorders VDT (visual display terminal) syndrome or computer vision syndrome. Recent monitor designs reduce such problems through non-glare monitor surfaces. 

Another example that generates some public fear is the widespread use of monitors or visual display terminals (VDTs) in office automation. Compared to early analog models, current digital models have lower emission levels. The radiation from monitors is just one potential hazard related to their use. Glare, reflected glare, size of images and print and other factors may contribute to vision and other worker issues. 

From ANSI/HFS 100, Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations. 

Liden C, Wahlberg JE (1985) Does visual display terminal work provoke rosacea Contact Dermatitis 13 235-241 Lillywhite LP (1992) Investigation into the environmental factors associated with the incidence of skin disease following an outbreak of Miliaria rubra at a coal mine. Occup Med (Oxf) 42 183-187... 

ISO 9241 1997 Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs)... 

ISO 9241-11.1998. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11 ... 

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