Viruses data recording

It seems that a substantial part of the radiation damage in proteins and viruses (and some other crystals, too) is a function of time from the first exposure to the beam. The synchrotron Laue method allows complete data recording in a shorter time from first exposure than any other method. Of course, protein crystals differ greatly in their susceptibility to radiation damage. For example, some survive a single exposure while, at the other extreme, cases such as pea lectin can survive many exposures. Indeed, it now seems that many protein crystals (>50%) are able to yield high quality synchrotron Laue diffraction photographs. 

PDB Research Col-laboratory for Structural Bioinformat-ics (RCSB) macromole-cular structure data on proteins, nucleic acids, protein-nucleic acid complexes, and viruses nu- meric. biblio. -20000 records experi- ments Research Col-laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics online, CD-ROM periodi- cally WU7W.TCsh.0Tg/ pdh/... 

A preparation of reduced and carboxymethylated Mouse-Elberfeld virus protein particles in water reached sedimentation equilibrium at 25 °C after 40 hr at 12,590 rpm. The following data show the recorder displacement (proportional to concentration) versus r for this protein f... 

Validation test environment including hardware, software System security including passwords, network rights, functional security, physical security, modem access and virus protection Validation test environment including related documents, along with standard operating procedures, user manuals, and system development/ maintenance and documentation Validation assumptions, exclusions, and limitations Responsibilities matrix Validation data sets Acceptance criteria Expected results Execution of the validation plan Resolution of errors Documentation Training records... 

Suitable security systems should be in place to prevent unauthorized access or changes to computer records and reports. Back-up systems must be in place to prevent loss of data. A good-quality virus protection programme and firewall must be installed, configured, used and updated regularly to prevent unauthorized access and loss of data. 

As an example of large unit cell size, data have been recorded from crystals of cowpea mosaic virus to 4.3 A resolution at LURE [234]. The hexagonal unit cell has dimensions a=451 A, c = I038 A. The oscillation range was 0.4°. 

In addition, records can be destroyed or rendered inaccessible by computer viruses that might be imported with affected programs brought into computer systems. Moreover, disgruntled former employees have been known to sabotage data systems with such viruses, even by telephone access or by dated timebombs buried in programs. Therefore, it is important to periodically backup the stored data and also to take precautions to avoid importation of viruses. 

All of these records constitute data, as opposed to documents. and this difference Is most significant. The Protocol file Is a document file. In the planning stage Is a Term Index to the protocol file, containing In a searchable form such Items as species, route of administration, whether enzyme, virus, yeast, or other type of test, date of first record In computer storage, name of Investigator, dose units, and possibly others. 

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