Viruses cytopathogenic effects

Harvest the recombinant virus when full cytopathogenic effect (CPE) is observed in the culture by centrifuging the cell culture for 10 min at 2000 rpm (+800g). In general, CPE is already visible after 3 1 d full CPE takes approx 6 d. 

In addition, the antiviral activity of several other kinds of natural products was also reported. Terpenoids caesahnin B and bonducellpin D from the seeds of traditional Chinese medicinal plant Caesalpinia minax exhibited inhibitory activities on the PI-3 virus in vitro by cytopathogenic effects (CPE) reduction assay (Jiang et al. 2002). Hippomanin A from Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae), which is a commonly used traditional medicinal plant in oriental countries, exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection (Fig. 3.7 Yang et al. 2007). 

MNTCs Maximum non-toxic concentrations CPE Cytopathogenic effect HSV-1 Herpes simplex virus Type-1 iPI-3 Parainfluenza-3 virus Max Maximum Min Minimum - Not done activity observed... 

Henle, G., Girardi, A., and Henle, W., 1955, A non-transmissible cytopathogenic effect in influenza virus in tissue culture accompanied by formation of noninfec-tious hemagglutinin, J. Exp. Med. 101 25. 

The thiazoloimidazopyridine derivatives 451 were tested for their effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced cytopathogenicity in a human T4-lymphocyte cell line and showed a reproducible anti-HIV activity that caused a 50% or greater reduction of viral cytophatic effect <1994FA345>. Finally, imidazo[2,1 -/dthiazolone 489 was found to have an antitumor activity and proved to be effective against brain tumor cell lines <2002JHC1133>. 

In quite a different approach to the effect of viruses on cell membrane, Levanon et al. (1977) reported that adsorption of encephal-omyocarditis, Semliki Forest, and polyoma viruses to BHK-21 and mouse 3T3 cells resulted in a rapid increase in membrane fluidity as measured by depolarization of the fluorescent dye, diphenylhexa-triene. The degree of fluidity increase was virus dose dependent and could be reversed by low temperature or by blocking virus receptors on the host cell surface. These investigators suggest that an increase in membrane fluidity is an early event in viral cytopathogen-icity. 

The current volume is the last in the series and deals extensively with the molecular basis of viral cytopathogenicity. An introductory chapter on historical perspectives of viral cytopathic effects is followed by two chapters on transcriptional and translational strategies of uninfected mammalian cells. The remaining chapters provide in-depth analyses of the mechanisms by which cytocidal viruses shut off cellular macromolecular synthesis leading to cell death. 

Compounds 42, synthesized as shown in Scheme 14, were evaluated for their activity against HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1), the results of which are summarized in Table 3. Among these compounds, l-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (42 R = Me, E = SPh) abbreviated as HEPT was found to show an inhibitory effect on the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIb strain) in MT-4 cells. 

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