Visna virus

Parada CA, Roeder RG (1996) Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain. Nature 384(6607) 375-378 Peluso R, Haase A, Stowring L, Edwards M, Ventura P (1985) A Trojan Horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes. Virology 147(1) 231-236 Peng G, Greenwell-Wild T, Nares S, Jin W, Lei KJ, Rangel ZG, Munson PJ, Wahl SM (2007) Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression. Blood 110(l) 393-400... 

A number of animal diseases caused by viruses involve primary demyelination and often are associated with inflammation. These diseases are studied as animal models, which may provide clues about how a viral infection could lead to immune-mediated demyelination in humans [1, 5, 6]. Canine distemper virus causes a demyelinating disease, and the lesions in dog brain show a strong inflammatory response with some similarities to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in man [ 1 ]. Visna is a slowly progressive demyelinating disease of sheep caused by a retrovirus [ 1 ]. 

Peluso R, Haase A, Stowring L, Edwards M, Ventura P (1985) A Trojan Horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes. Virology 147 231-236. 

The use of vectors based on other primate lentiviruses (83,84) may also eliminate some of the concerns however, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency vims (SIV) are closely related to HI V-1. Therefore, vectors based on nonprimate lentiviruses like feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), equine infectious anemia vims, and visna may be more acceptable (85-87). These viruses do not cause infection in humans due to restrictions in the envelope tropism. However, the risk associated with the introduction of nonhuman lentiviral vectors in human tissues is unknown, and the actual safety of these lentiviral vectors remains to be evaluated. 

Berkowitz RD, lives H, Plavec I, Veres G. 2001. Gene transfer systems derived from Visna virus analysis of virus production and infectivity. Virology 279 116-29... 

Hilmarsson, H., Larusson, L. V., and Thormar, H. (2006). Veridical effect of lipids on visna virus, a lent virus related to HIV. Arch. Virol. 151,1217-1224. 

Furyl compounds (Fig. 2B) after exposure to long-wave ultraviolet (UVA, 300-400 nm) exhibit broad efficacy against viruses [7]. Several reports on the antiviral activity of furocoumarins (psoralens) and furanochromones (visna-gin) from Rutaceae and Umbelhferae (Apiaceae) are available [13]. The compounds require UVA for their activity and appear to inhibit virus replication by disrupting viral gene target expression by forming photo-adduct with the virus DNA. 

GILLESPIE, B., TAKEIMOTO, K., ROBERT, M. and GALLO, R.C. Polyadenylic acid in visna virus RNA. Science (1975), 179t... 

The primary structure of postsynaptic toxins is unique to snakes, and there are no homologies with the toxins of scorpions, spiders, or bees. However, there is an interesting report that significant homologous sequences to snake postsynaptic neurotoxins are found in visna virus and HIV-I tat proteins (Gourdou et al., 1990). 

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