Virus, inactivation tobacco mosaic

Extracts from 152 plant species, representing 46 different families, were screened for effects on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication in cucumber cotyledons. Twenty species have shown enough activity to warrant further study. Several members of the Caprifoliaceae family increased virus replication. An extract of Lonicera involucrata enlarged the virus lesions in local lesion hosts and produced a thirty fold increase in virus titer, but had no effect on virus replication in systemic hosts. The active material appears to affect the virus defense mechanism of local lesion hosts. An extract of common geranium is an active virus inhibitor. It inactivates TMV and TMV-RNA (ribonucleic acid) in vitro by forming non-infectious complexes. In vivo, it also inhibited starch lesion formation in cucumber cotyledons incited by TMV infection. 

Mice Cytomegalovirus Murine Sarcoma Virus Measles Virus Newcastle Disease Virus Pokeweed Antiviral Proteins Pseudorabies Virus Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reverse Transcriptase Sindbis Virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccinia Virus Varicella Zoster Virus... 

Other a-halogenated compounds have been used with equal success. These include iodoacetamide (140,144,141, 34,68,32), iodo ethyl alcohol (143), a brom fatty acids, and benzyl and phenyl ethyl halides (142). All react with certain SH groups of proteins at pH 7.0-9.0 and physiological temperatures. The iodoacetamide is somewhat more reactive than iodoacetate (144). Both iodoacetate and the corresponding amide were found to react fairly rapidly with p3rridine, even at pH 6.9 and 30 C. (145). Anson and Stanley (68) have reported that after almost complete inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus with iodoacetamide they could detect little, if any, drop in the number of SH groups. This calls for further study. 

Reaction of aldehydes with the indole NH group of tryptophan in proteins has been reported in tetanus toxin (251) and tobacco mosaic virus (26). In the latter instance, the Folin s phenol reagent color value decreased as the reaction with formaldehyde proceeded, and increased with removal of the aldehyde by dialysis in dilute acid. Indole, pure tryptophan, and glycyl tryptophan behaved in a similar manner, but not t3unsine nor glycyltyrosine. Benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionalde-hyde, and butyraldehyde were also used in this work with similar effect. Reversal of formaldehyde inactivation of tobacco mosuc virus could not be confirmed (356). It was also claipaed that the drop in phenol color could not be correlated with a decrease in virus infectivity. 

---