Virgin polyethylene

Figure 10. Micro-PIXE spectra of polyethylene at a depth of 50 0 lm from the interface with a layer of semicon containing commercial carbon black. A) after two weeks in dry air at 55 °C, B) after two weeks immersed in water at 55 °C and C) the virgin polyethylene.

Virgin polyethylene (AC-617A, 0.91 density. Allied Chemical) and mixtures of polyethylene with additives were observed as... 

Air drying was used only for the sample treated with primer alone and was omitted for the three samples containing primer and acrylonitrile since acrylonitrile has a higher vapor pressure then methanol.(14) As a result, the electron treatment was performed on wet samples. The fifth LDPE sample was used as a virgin polyethylene control. After Irradiation, all samples were washed with luke warm water to remove any residual monomer. Because of the highly toxic nature of acrylonitrile, these coating procedures were conducted under carefully controlled conditions. All five samples (l.e. primed, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1 and control) were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 

The use of virgin polyethylene as an additive to asphalt concrete is not new however, two new processes also use recycled plastic as an asphalt cement additive [ 146,147]. These latter two processes both use recycled low-density polyethylene resin, which is generally obtained from plastic trash and sandwich bags. The recycled plastic is made into pellets and added to asphalt cement at a rate of 4-7% by weight of binder [146-148]. 

Satapathy, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Chakrabarty, K. K., Nag, A., Tiwari, K. N., Tikku, V. K., Nando, G. B., Studies on the effect of electron beam irradiation on waste polyethylene and its blends with virgin polyethylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2006,101, 715-726. 

Consumption of virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin in the United States and Canada totaled 5110 million pounds in 2000 [3]. Bottles were by far the largest application (Fig. 4.8). Soft drink bottles continue to be the largest use for PET bottles, but other applications (custom bottles) have been growing at a much faster rate for the past several years. According to EPA estimates, soft drink bottles accounted for 49.4% of all PET packaging in U.S. municipal solid waste in 1998, and 53.2% of all PET containers in municipal solid waste [1]. 

Fig. 23 Ratios of crosslinking to scission radiochemical yields for (a) neat LDPE (b) LDPE + TMPTA + diazodicarbonamide (c) LDPE + TMPTMA + diazodicarbonamide (7 ( Co)-irradiation dose rate 5.1 kGyJi ). The data were taken from [OlBl] (white) virgin polyethylene (black) recycled polyethylene.

It has been seen that in each case, the stability of polymer containing up to 1% iron is greater than that in the case of virgin polyethylene. 

Adapted, by permission, from La Mantia F.P., Ma Wenguang (1996) Recycling of post-consumer polyethylene greenhouse films monopolymer blends of recycled and virgin polyethylene , Polym. Networks Blends, 5, 173-179. Copyri t ChemTec Publishing. 

Virgin carbon fibre reinforced polymer Virgin polyethylene terephthalate Wide-angle X-ray scattering Wood-plastic composite(s)... 

Table 9.2 Typical Applications for Various Grades of Virgin Polyethylene [42]...

The materials used in this work were virgin polyethylene (V), nylon 6 (Ny), and two samples of recycled polyethylene (R1 and R2). These latter materials were obtained from films for greenhouses which were photooxidized to a great extent. 

S.TimberTech virgin Polyethylene and wood fibre 25-year warranty. 

DMA was performed for virgin polyethylene and its composites to obtain further information on mechanical properties and molecular motions. DMA is a method that measures the stiffness and mechanical damping of a cyclically deformed material as a function of temperature. Identification of the glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the most common uses of... 

The eitric and aseorbic acids showed slight discoloration. The level of discoloration in the citric and the aseorbie aeid was signifieantly less than the phosphoric acid. Both chemicals caused sh t whitening in the filled polyethylene and filled polystyrene around the support bars of the testing fixtures. The discoloration was less severe towards the top support and much more noticeable around the bottom support. The virgin polyethylene and polystyrene test bars showed no effect from the chemical environment under differing stress levels... 

RBS has been widely used to study the concentration profiles of metals in polymers, often deposited during implantation processes. Implantation is often carried out to modify the surface properties of a polymer such as wear resistance, but can also be used to modify the ability of a polymer to trap metal ions. This process was demonstrated for polyethylene, which was irradiated with fluorine or arsenic ions at 150 keV. When these materials were exposed to lead acetate solutions, implantation was found to alter dramatically the diffusion of lead into the polymer. The high mass of lead makes it easy to measure as it diffuses into polymers. These experiments showed Fickian diffusion of lead into virgin polyethylene, but for heavily implanted polyethylene somewhat lower diffusion coefSdents were obtained, possibly because of the increased density of highly iuadiated samples. However, at relatively low implantation doses of fluorine or arsenic (< lO cm ), it appeared that lead ions were trapped in a concentration profile defined by the energy deposition profile of the implanted species. 

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