Vertical Burning Test

Figure 14 Vertical burning test of EVA-TBPTP cable material. The untreated control sample of EVA can be seen burning.

Flammability UL-94 vertical burning test Flammability hood as recommended by UL... 

Table 6 shows the flamability characteristics of an impact modified 2/1 polycarbonate/PET blend containing 6 % of the various flame retardants. The composition containing the brominated phosphate 60/4 is the only one which is V-0 by the UL-94 vertical burn test. At 10 % add-on, the all-bromine containing resin is V-1 and at 13 % add-on the all-phophorus containing resin is V-0. 

Air Products, a manufacture of latex binders, has completed a comprehensive study of flame retardants for latex binder systems. This study evaluates the inherent flammability of the major polymer types used as nonwovens binders. In addition, 18 of the most common flame retardants from several classes of materials were evaluated on polyester and rayon substrates. Two of the most widely recognized and stringent small scale tests, the NFPA 701 vertical burn test and the MVSS-302 horizontal burn test, are employed to measure flame retardancy of a latex binder-flame retardant system. Quantitative results of the study indicate clear-cut choices of latex binders for flame retardant nonwoven substrates, as well as the most effective binder-flame retardant combinations available. 

Flame Test Vertical Burn Test (NFPA-701) 60% Total Solids Add-on... 

Examples of Small Heat Source Ignition Tests 14.2.2.1 UL 94 20-mm Vertical Burning Test... 

The UL 94 standard specihes bench-scale test methods to determine the acceptability of plastic materials for use in appliances or other devices with respect to flammability under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method that is used depends on the intended end-use of the material and its orientation in the device. The standard outlines two horizontal burning tests, three vertical burning tests, and a radiant panel flame spread test. The most commonly used test method described in the UL 94 standard is the 20-mm Vertical Burning Test V-0, V-l, or V-2. The method is also described in ASTM D 3801. A schematic of the test setup is shown in Figure 14.3. 

The results of the UL 94 20-mm vertical burning test are very sensitive to the exact duration of flame application and to the technique that is used to apply and remove the flame.19 The magnitude of the effect depends on the type of material that is being tested. Loosely following the test procedure might result in an unwarranted V-0 classification. 

FIGURE 14.3 UL 94 20-mm vertical burning test (dimensions in millimeters). 

VanKrevelen-Hoftijzer viscosity-temperature relationship, 539 Van t Hoff equation, 751 Velocities of sound waves, 390 Velocity gradient, 526 Vertical Burning Test, 854 Vicat softening temperature, 849 Vickers hardness test, 837 Viscoelasticity, 405... 

Figure 29.2 Various stages of the UL 94 vertical burning test (a) application of flame (b) observation of burning time (c) flame extinguishes...

Table 12.33. UL 94 Vertical burning test for classifying very thin materials [Landrock, 1983]...

ISO 1210, 1992 [19], Fig, 5. determines the behavior of vertical and horizontal specimens when exposed to a small flame. The vertical burning test classifies materials as FVO, FVl, or FV2. A small flame is applied to the base of the vertical specimen for a specified... 

In the Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials 94V-0, 94V-1, or 94V-2 of UL 94-1981, test specimens are 127 mm long, 12.7 mm wide with a maximum thickness of 12.7 mm. A set of 5 pecimens is conditioned in a normal atmosphere (23 °C, 50% R.H.) for 168 hours and another set in a circulating air oven at 70 °C for 168 hours followed by cooling in a desiccator for 4 hours. Each specimen is suspended vertically so that its lower end is 9.5 mm above the top of the burner tube and 305 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton wool 50 mm x 50 mm x 6 mm. The test flame is applied centrally under the lower end of the specimen or tilted to an angle up to 45 deg. if the material will drip (Fig. 3.53). The specimen is ignited for... 

A much more exacting test procedure is laid down in the section Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials 94-5V.V or Methods A and test specimens of 127 mm... 

The test method of ASTM D 3801-1980 is also practically identical to the Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials 94V-0, 94V-f or 94V-2 but only the combustion times and the observation of dripping are recorded without any flammability rating of the material. 

In the United States, the standards of the Underwriters Laboratories are also used for plastics foams. Paragraph 4 of UL 94-1973 entitled Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Material 94HBF, 94HEF-f or 94HEF-2 is not included in the issue UL 94—1981 (whose test methods for films and solid plastics were discussed in Sections 3.1.5.1 and 3.1.5.2, respectively). 

Vertical burning test is performed for the 94V-0, 94V-1, or 94V-2 classification of materials. The bottom edge of the sample is ignited by a 5-s exposure to a Bunsen burner with a 5-s delay and repeated five times until the sample ignites. The 94V-0, 94V-1, and 94V-2 material classification criteria are listed in Table 53.10. 

The fiber offers fire resistance and high thermal insulation together with low smoke emission, low electrical conductivity and a weight saving. Current applications include aircraft fuselage thermal insulation, aircraft fire blockers, fire protective clothing, personal insulation and fire retardant insulation boards for special lightweight applications. Table 23.7 lists the vertical burn test results for several Curlon fiber blends. 

Table 23.7 Results of vertical burn tests with blends of Curlon...

Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials 94 VTM-0, VTM-1,orVTM-2... 

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