Verbenaceae Lippia

Verbenaceae Lippia carviodora Meikle Leaves SD 3.0 carvone, Umonene, carvinyl acetate,/ - 79,80... 

Fischer, U., 1998. Variabilitat Guatemaltekischer Arzneip anzen der Gattung Lippia (Verbenaceae) Lippia alba, L. dulcis, L. graveolens. Dissertation, Veterinarmedizinischen Universitat, Wien, Austria. Fischer, U., Ch. Franz, R. Lopez, and E. Poll, 1996. Variability of the essential oils of Lippia graveolens HBK from Guatemala. In Essential Oils Basic and Applied Research, Ch. Franz, A. Mathe, and A.G. Buchbauer (eds.), pp. 266-269. Carol Stream, IL Allured Publishing. 

Fischer, U., 1998. Variabilitiit Guatemaltekischer Arzneipflanzen der Gattung Lippia (Verbenaceae) Lippia alba, L. dulcis, L. graveolens. Dissertation, Veterinarmedizinischen Universitat, Wien. 

The topical anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf EO of the Verbenaceae Lippia sidoides Cham, was studied by Monteiro et al. (2007). In northwestern Brazil, the plant is widely used in the social medicine program Live Pharmacies as a general antiseptic because of its strong activity against many microorganisms. After topical application of 1 and 10 mg/ear, in 45.9% and 35.3%, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the acute ear edema induced by 12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) could be observed. 

Hernandulcin is a bisabolane sesquiterpene isolated from the herb Lippia dulcis Trev. (Verbenaceae), which is native to Mexico, and has been reported to be 1500 times sweeter than sucrose.44 45 The natural product has a 6S, 1 xS" configuration, and of the four possible stereoisomers, only this one has intense sweetness.46 47 Another sweet substance, 4,3-hydn> x v hern a n d u I cm, was isolated from a sample native to Panama.46 The sweetness and bitterness of hernandulcin have been reported to linger in the mouth for sometime. This compound is rather thermolabile. 

Hydroxy-hernandulcin (sesquiterpene) Lippia dulcis (Verbenaceae) [flower, leaf] Sweet... 

Aloenin (= 4-Methoxy-6-(2-(3- Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae), Lippia dulcis (Verbenaceae) Acanthaceae, Bignonaceae, Gesneriaceae, Oronbranchaceae, Plantaginaceae Aloe arborescens (Liliaceae) Bitter [inhibits gastric... 

Infections. Copaifera langsdotffii Desf. and other spp (Leguminosae, Caesalpinaceae) Altemanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze and other sp. (Amaranthaceae) Lippia gracillis L microphylla Cham., L aff. alnifolia Mart, et Schauer, L. sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae) trunk oil aerial part leaves leaves, flowers... 

Mexican oregano is used in the USA, and derives from various Lippia species, especially Lippia graveolens (Verbenaceae) its taste is reported to be less fresh and pleasant [190[. Main constituents are thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene [191 [. 

Lippia javanica Spreng. umsutane, fever tree] (Verbenaceae) leaves are used for psychotropic behaviour. The leaf contains alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins and tannins (18) and essential oils (28,65). The root decoction is also nsed for kidney problems (12). Its essential oil is antibacterial and... 

The sesquiteipene hemandulcin (83) from Lippia dulcis (Verbenaceae), a plant used as a sweetener by the Aztecs, is more than 1000 times sweeter than sucrose (Compadre et al., 1985, 1987). 

Also for Lippia sp. (Verbenaceae) some results are known concerning development stages (Fischer, 1998 Coronel et ah, 2006). The oil content in the aerial parts increases from young buds (<1.0%) to fully blooming (almost 2.0%). But although quantitative variations could be observed for most components of the essential oils, the qualitative composition appeared to be constant throughout the growing season. 

Dellacassa, E., E. Soler, P. Menendez, and P. Moyna, 1990. Essentail oils from Lippia alba Mill. N.E. Brown and Aloysia chamaedrifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) from Urugay. 3 107-108. 

Senatore, F. and D. Rigano, 200L Essential oil of two Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae) growing wild in Guatemala. ] v g ragrj., 16 169-17L... 

Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae) EO sign candy inhibited acetic-acid-induced writhes in Wistar rats. Concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg peroral (PO), 1 h before treatment with acetic acid, reduced symptoms by 17.4%, 31.4%, and 42.8% dose dependently (Mendes et al. 2010). 

The common and large variability in the composition of natural EOs poses dif culties for the evaluation and the safe and effective use of aromatic medicinal plants. Genetic variations lead to the occurrence of chemotypes, as in the case of Lippia alba (P. Mill.) N.E. Br. ex Britt. Wilson (Verbenaceae). Analyses revealed three monoterpenic chemotypes characterized by the prevalence of myrcene (1 and citral (1 in the chemotype I, limonene (14) and citral (16) in the chemotype II, and limonene (14) and carvone (17) in the chemotype III (Matos 1996). This species is known in Brazil as cidreira the aromatic tea from its leaves is traditionally used as a tranquilizer, being one of the most widely known homemade remedies. Pharmacological assays showed anxiolytic (Vale et al. 1999) and anticonvulsant (Viana et al. 2000) effects of EO samples from all three chemotypes. Anticonvulsive and sedative effects in mice were also demonstrated for the three isolated principal constituents ofL. alba oils limonene (14), myrcene (15), and citral (16) (Vale et al. 2002). 

Pelissier, Y, Marion, C., Casadebaig, J. et al. 1994. A chemical bacteriological, toxicological and clinical study of the essential oil of Lippia multiflora Mold. (Verbenaceae). 6 623-630. 

Lippia sp. Verbenaceae Piperitenone oxide, limonene Nematicide Duschatzky et al. (2004)... 

Lippia graveolens (family Verbenaceae) Distributed in Central and South America and other tropical and subtropical areas. It is an important spice in its homeland and in the USA. Leaves are used for a tisane and as vegetables. 

Lippia dulcis (family Verbenaceae) This produces a compound from the leaves and flowers that is 1000 times sweeter than sucrose. 

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