Vents glass-lined

Heavy wall tubing plain, coloured, striped tubing fabrications for instrumentation automotive push-pull cables industrial and process hydraulics and other fluids. .. Piping liners for glass-lined reactors, stainless steel reactors, glass equipment and mixers... Membranes, filter media, filter bags, cartridges, microfiltration membranes, vents and adsorbent products. .. 

The equipment can usually be constructed of carbon steel except for the hydrolysis vessel, which is usually glass-lined to avoid corrosion by aqueous acids. All vessels must be supplied with an inert gas (nitrogen or argon) for purging and blanketing and are vented to release off-gases. It is imperative that the reaction vessel be protected with a rupture disk. 

C and the reaction considered fast at this temperature. Nevertheless, for the safety analysis, an accumulation of 10% is considered realistic. The industrial charge is 4000 kg of final reaction mass in a 4 m3 glass-lined reactor. This vessel is protected against overpressure by a safety valve with a set pressure of 0.3 bar g. The total empty volume of the vessel is 5.5 m3. The vent line has an internal diameter of 50mm and the maximum allowed working pressure of the reactor is 0.3 bar (g). 

The hydroxide gel solution was transferred into an autoclave (300-mL glass-lined Parr reactor). The reactor was flushed with nitrogen and then pressurized with 200 cm3 of nitrogen. The reactor was slowly heated from room temperature to 265°C. The temperature was allowed to equilibrate for 10 min before the reactor was vented to release the pressure. The operating pressure was 7.2 MPa. The pressure was released over a period of 0.5-0.8 min. The reactor was immediately removed from the heater and then flushed with nitrogen for 5-10 min. It was next allowed to cool to room temperature. The product was removed from the reactor and dried in an oven at 120°C for a few hours. 

Microwave-assisted distiller Microwave energy has also been used to facilitate the distillation of various compounds from solid samples [11,63-65]. Figure 5.12A depicts a typical microwave-assisted distillation apparatus. It consists of a laboratory-made poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vessel of 120 ml inner volume and 10 mm wall thickness, and a 60 ml collector flask. The screw cap of the vessel includes a drilled PTFE disc located on its upper part that avoids sample ejection during distillation. A hole made in the vessel cap provides a means for evacuating volatile compounds via a PTFE tube that is passed through the vent holes of the microwave cavity and is then adapted to a glass line finished by a bubbler which is inserted in the collector flask. A domestic microwave oven equipped with a 2450 MHz magnetron is normally used for this purpose, altered only as required to connect the sample vessel with the collector flask. 

Acetic acid was being made for the first time by allowing acetic anhydride to react with water. It was intended that the mixture should be refluxed but there was no time on the shift to complete this, so the reactor was left with the stirrer running and full cooling. Shortly afterwards an uncontrolled exotherm occurred. The bursting disc blew but the 1.25" vent line was too small to relieve the pressure. A glass line to the condenser ruptured. 

During the experimental large scale continuous polymerisation of acrylic acid in aqueous solution in presence of an initiator and a moderator, failure of one of the feed pumps led to an unusually high concentration of monomer in solution. This led to runaway polymerisation which burst a glass vent line and the escaping contents ignited and led to an explosion and fire. 

The mobile phase reservoir is made of an inert material, usually glass. There is usually a cap on the reservoir that is vented to allow air to enter as the fluid level drops. The purpose of the cap is to prevent particulate matter from falling into the reservoir. It is very important to prevent particulates from entering the flow stream. The tip of the tube immersed in the reservoir is fitted with a coarse metal filter. It functions as a filter in the event that particulates do find their way into the reservoir. It also serves as a sinker to keep the tip well under the surface of the liquid. In addition, in specially designed mobile phase reservoirs, this sinker/filter is placed into a well on the bottom of the reservoir so that it is completely immersed in solvent, even when the reservoir is running low. This avoids drawing air into the line under those conditions. These details are shown in Figure 13.3. 

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