Vegetal biomass

Most estimates of global vegetation biomass densities are extrapolations from studies never intended to represent large areas (e.g. 79, 36) or they were derived from questionnaires sent to botanists (57). These estimates are still used commonly in the examination and modeling of the global carbon cycle. Some of the earliest estimates were made when almost no quantitative data were available and the data or the estimates were largely speculative. Other estimates are... 

The contribution of savannah fires exceeds 40% of the global level of biomass burning as a result of which the atmosphere receives minor gas components, such as non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, methane, etc., as well as aerosols. According to available estimates for the period 1975-1980, 40%-70% of savannahs were burnt every year, about 6% of such fires took place in Africa. In 1990 about 2 1091 of vegetable biomass were burnt, and as a result 145TgCO got into the atmosphere, which constituted about 30% of anthropogenic CO emissions. 

Intrinsic forest factors such as the percent of bark and hollow trees should be studied better, as well as the estimates for carbon content of each forest type. The nonforest biomass also needs better refinement, as it contributes on the order of 2.6% of the total stock of carbon contained in vegetation biomass of the Legal Amazon (Gra a, 1997). 

Vegetable biomass prior to human activity (estimates) IISO... 

Shaver, G. R., Laundre, J. A., Giblin, A. E., and Nadelhoffer, K. J. (1996). Changes in vegetation biomass, primary production, and species composition along a riverside toposequence in arctic Alaska. Arc. Alp. Res. 28,363-379. 

Affinity for the compartments Water S (g/1) Air H (Pam2/mol) Soil lOgkoc Animal biomass log w Vegetal biomass... 

After cellulose, lignin represents the second main component of vegetal biomass. The estimation of lignin produced annually through biosynthesis indicates a quantity of 2 x 10 ° tons. 

Vegetative biomass is comprised primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin along with lesser amounts of extractives (e.g., tannins, fatty acids, oils, and resins), moisture, and mineral matter (Orfao et ah, 1999). Most of the results published in the literature are based on lignin and cellulose (Naik et ah, 2010). 

Cellulose is a material which is widespread in nature and may be obtained from various natural sources like wood, cotton and vegetable biomass. It is the most widespread biopolymer on earth. Cellulose polymers aggregate to form microfibrils, which in turn aggregate to form cellulose fibers. By applying effective methods, these fibers can be disintegrated into... 

Animal biomass. Vegetal biomass. Wood, Cellulose, Lignins, Hemicelluloses, Natural rubber, Suberin, Tannins, Rosins, Terpenes, Annual plants. Starch, Vegetable oils, Hemicelluloses, Mono and disaccharides, Polylactic acid. Algae, Chitin, Chitosan, Proteins, Cellulose whiskers. Bacterial polymers. Poly (hydro xyalkanoates). Bacterial cellulose... 

Stable aqueous suspensions of polysaccharide nanocrystals can be prepared by the acid hydrolysis of vegetable biomass. Different descriptors of the resulting colloidal suspended particles are used, including whiskers, mono-crystals and nanocrystals. The designation whiskers is used to describe elongated rod-like nanoparticles. These crystallites have also often been referred in the literature as microfibrils, microcrystals or microcrystallites, despite their nanoscale dimensions. Most of the studies reported in the literature refer to cellulose nanocrystals. A recent review described the properties and applications of cellulose whiskers in nanocomposites [31]. 

Sequestration of CO2 should not be an issue of gasification of biomass to syngas. Biomass covers a wide field of materials ranging from vegetable biomass such as wood, straw, grain, black liquor from the paper industry, animal biomass and various waste. Gasification of biomass may be an alternative to biochemical routes [419]. However, there are still problems to be solved. 

---