Spasm vascular

Bowen JS, Davis GB, Kearney TE, et al Diffuse vascular spasm associated with 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine ingestion. JAMA 249 1477-1479, 1983 Brands B, Sproule B, Marshman J Drugs and Drug Abuse, 3rd Edition. Toronto, Ontario, Addiction Research Foundation, Fondation de la recherche sur la toxi-comanie, 2001... 

Distant site reactions Gangrene, vascular spasm ... 

In conclusion, intrarenal topical circulatory disorder or vascular spasm may develop in patients with renal hypouricemia, leading to acute renal failure. 

Why does vascular spasm persist for a long period ... 

We speculate that ischemia induces changes in the tubulo-interstitium by such factors as oxidative stress, apoptosis, an increase in intracellular Ca, complement activation, ICAM-1 expression, and inflammation, in a region controlled by the blood vessels, thereby influencing the blood vessels and prolonging vascular spasm. Coronary spasm persists for 15min, and cerebrovascular spasm in the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage persists for a week in some patients. Therefore, renovascular spasm may persist for a long period. 

The mechanical force most relevant to platelet-mediated thrombosis is shear stress. The normal time-averaged levels of venous and arterial shear stresses range between 1-5 dyn/cm2 and 6 10 dyn/cm2, respectively. However, fluid shear stress may reach levels well over 200 dyn/cm2 in small arteries and arterioles partially obstructed by atherosclerosis or vascular spasm. The cone-and-plate viscometer and parallel-plate flow chamber are two of the most common devices used to simulate fluid mechanical shearing stress conditions in blood vessels. 

The damage of a blood vessel results in the formation of a hemostatic plug, which is achieved by several differ-entmechanisms including vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, blood coagulation, and growth of fibrous tissue into the blood clot. 

Vascular spasm. In which the blood vessels contract as a result of neurological reflexes and local myogenic (muscle) spasm. The degree of constriction is directly proportional to the degree of trauma. The spasm may last up to 30 minutes. 

Facial paralysis is occasionally reported and is not necessarily due to poor technique in one case vascular spasm seemed to provide an explanation (SED-12, 252). 

The combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m with 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m for 7 days caused angina and ischemic electrocardiographic changes, suggesting synergistic cardiotoxicity (269). There have also been cases of arterial occlusive events (270) and myocardial infarction (271,272), in some cases with evidence of coronary vascular spasm (273,274). 

Inadvertent injection into extravascular tissues causes pain, swelling, and possibly tissue necrosis. Pain on intravenous injection has been noted in 10% of patients (14). Intra-arterial injection causes vascular spasm and can cause gangrene of a distal extremity. 

PAF is also a lipid mediator of anaphylactic responses. PAF produced by anti-IgE challenge of IgE-sensitized basophils results in degranulation and histamine release. PAF can induce rapid and shallow breathing, transient apnea, and edema in the respiratory system. In the cardiovascular system, PAF directly induces bradycardia, hypotension, elevated right ventricular pressure, vascular spasms, and increased vascular permeability. 

Clinically, papaverine is used as an antispasmodic, and is given by mouth or by vein in doses of 30 to 80 mg. It has been found useful in the treatment of spastic conditions of the stomach and intestines caused by hyperacidity and duodenal ulcers. Other applications, such as in the treatment of biliary colic, asthma, vascular spasms, including angina pectoris, spasm secondary to embolic phenomena, and peripheral vascular diseases, have been more or less abandoned, and several synthetic antispasmodics have made inroads on the fields formerly reserved for papaverine. However, a shortage of papaverine developed when its usefulness was at a peak, and several methods were developed for the industrial synthetic production of the alkaloid to take care of this condition (see p. 43). A brief selected bibliography may serve as a guide to the literature concerning the clinical application of papaverine (68). 

Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine" DOB Potent ergot-like vascular spasm may result In Ischemia, gangrene. 

Use of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) has resulted in ergotlike vascular spasm, circulatory insufficiency, and gangrene (see p 189). 

Francis H, T3fndall A, Webb J. Severe vascular spasm due to erydiromycin-ergotamine interaction. Clin Rheumatol (1984) 3, 243-6. 

Pulmonary edema could have been due to a direct cardiac effect of terlipressin or secondary to terlipressin-induced vascular spasm and ischemia. 

The celiac trunk and hepatic artery are usually catheterized by 4-F or 5-F catheters (cobra or sidewinder configuration), while the tumor-bearing target vessels should be approached by 2.7- to 3-F coaxial micro-catheters. The advantages of a microcatheter system are the increased injection resistance, which reduces the risk of microsphere reflux, and the smaller likelihood of vascular spasms. 

Catheter induced vascular spasm can be an undesirable event during endovascular procedures in the ECS and it is usually triggered by mechanical stimulus. Percutaneous administration of nitroglycerin... 

It will be clear that in cardiac infarction it is impossible to get a higher blood pressure than before, even if this should be required for the normal blood supply of the tissues. In contradistinction to pregnancy, the amount of blood or oxygen that has to be supplied does not increase. There may be only the effect of the greater force necessary to propel the blood through the vessels narrowed by atherosclerotic processes, but this effect develops very slowly and is independent of the infarction. Vascular spasms, on the contrary, may greatly increase the force necessary for blood supply of the tissues and thus increase the blood pressure. 

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