Variable region determinants

Light-chain variable region determinants for immunoglobulin k chains are among the most precisely localized antigenic determinants, in large measure because of the work of Solomon and his associates. 

Antigenic Features of Immunoglobulins B. Heavy-Chain Variable Region Determinants... 

At still higher temperatures, when sufficient oxygen is present, combustion and "hot" flames are observed the principal products are carbon oxides and water. Key variables that determine the reaction characteristics are fuel-to-oxidant ratio, pressure, reactor configuration and residence time, and the nature of the surface exposed to the reaction 2one. The chemistry of hot flames, which occur in the high temperature region, has been extensively discussed (60-62) (see Col ustion science and technology). 

Idiotypic network. Idiotypic determinants (idiotypes) are unique antigenic epitopes characteristic of the antigen receptors on the surface of T and B cells. They are associated with the variable regions of these receptors. Antibodies produced by B cells as the result of antigenic stimulation can themselves stimulate the production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies which have the ability to combine with the B-cell receptor (Ig) and thus can dampen down the immune response. Idiotypes may likewise stimulate the production of T cells specific for idiotypic determinants. Jerne (1974) postulated his... 

Zhang PF, Bouma P, Park EJ, et al. A variable region 3 (V3) mutation determines a global neutralization phenotype and CD4-independent infectivity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope associated with a broadly cross-reactive, primary virus-neutralizing antibody response. J Virol 2002 76(2) 644-655. 

Successive substitution is the simplest although generally the least effective method for performing these calculations. Values are assumed for one or more of the unknown variables other variables are then determined from some of the equations new values of the assumed variables are determined from the remaining equations. The process is repeated until convergence is obtained. For flue gas desulfurization examples, many of the variables are highly constrained, and the calculation sequence can easily move into infeasible regions. The solution sequence frequently oscillates. 

Solvent extraction is a kinetic process. The key variables in determining the rate of extraction are (1) the displacement of the system from equilibrium, also referred to as the driving force (2) the area through which mass can be transferred, or the interfacial area and (3) specific resistances in the interfacial region, particularly any slow interfacial reactions. 

The differences in sequence within the variable region produce a practically unlimited number of possible three-dimensional arrangements for the amino acid side chains to form the complementarity-determining region (CDR), which actually binds to the antigen. 

Sequence determinations showed that in some regions of immunoglobulin molecules there is extreme variation in the amino acid sequence between one homogeneous antibody and the next other regions have a constant sequence. The molecule can also be divided into domains. The variable regions, which occupy the N-terminal ends of the chains, are designated... 

A project aimed at sequencing the remainder of the mitochondrial genome of the genus Cyrodactylus and determining variable regions for further intraspecific analyses is underway (D.T.J. Littlewood, Natural History Museum, London, personal communication). 

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