Vapour recovery

Provision of a vapour recovery system on storage tanks. 

Suitability of vehicles and containers and limits on quantities for the carnage of explosives by road Approved requirements for the construction of vehicles intended for the carnage of explosives by road Approved tank requirements the provisions for bottom loading and vapour recovery systems of mobile containers caiTymg petrol... 

Werneburg, H. and Lapp, K. 1997. Detonation Arrester Testing and Selection A North American Perspective. Paper presented at the CONCAWE Safety Seminar on Vapour Recovery Units, March 5, 1997, Brussels, Belgium. 

Department of Energy (UK). Fuel Efficiency Booklet 6 Flash Steam and Vapour Recovery. Her Majesty s Stationary Office, UK, 1997. 

Bauer and co-workers (Rottenbacher, 1985 Rottenbacher et ah, 1987) carried out anaerobic fermentation under nitrogen gas at 18-20°C in a gas-tight closed circuit with a partial condenser followed by a gas adsorber for ethanol and water vapour recovery. The highest rate of ethanol production was about 50gh with a bed of 2.4 kg of extruded cylindrical baker s yeast pellets of diamefer 800 rm. This rate is less... 

Recovery of solvent by the condensation of vapours Recovery of solvent by isothermal compression Absorption of solvent with sulphuric acid AbsorptUin of solvent with crcsol Absorption of solvent using water and aqueous solutions Absorption of sidvent on silicagel Absorption of solvent with activated charcoal Cutting Grading... 

A heterogeneous gas/liquid reactor illustrates a two-phase effluent (Fig. 7.13). The two phases are already present inside the reaction space. Vapour phase may undergo a new phase-split after condensation. The secondary vapour enters the vapour separation system. Gaseous reactants are recycled to the reactor, but purge may be necessary to eliminate gaseous products or avoid the accumulation of inert. The liquid streams from phase split and vapour recovery are sent to the liquid separation system, from which the liquid reactant is recycled. 

Regarding the strategy, in the first place should be considered the synthesis of the vapour recovery and gas separation systems, from which recovered condensable components are sent to the liquid separation system. For the same reason, the synthesis of the solid recovery and solid separation systems should be placed in the second place. The subsystems for gas and solid separations are largely uncoupled, and can be treated as stand-alone. Thus, the synthesis of liquid separation system is the last, but by far the most difficult. Its decomposition in subsystems is again the best approach. 

Vapour Recovery system aims to recover valuable condensable components from a gas stream or to remove undesired components as corrosive, toxic, bad-odour, polymerisable, freezable, etc. The Gas Separation system has to separate recycled gaseous reactants, and to deliver purified products and by-products. 

The location of the Vapour Recovery System is an important practical issue. Douglas (1988) recommends the following heuristics ... 

The Gas Separation Manager presented in this section includes both Vapour Recovery and Gas Separation systems. The flowsheet synthesis can be decomposed in subsystems following the following split selectors ... 

Table 7.10 Methods used in vapour recovery and gas-phase separations...

Fig. 2.7 Comparative economics of vapour recovery systems (treating 16000m /h SLA or equivalent nitrogen).

W.N. Tuttle, Recent developments in vacuum regenerated activated carbon based hydrocarbon vapour recovery systems. Port Technology International, 1, pp. 143-146,1995. 

C. J. CantreU, Vapour recovery for refineries and petrochemical plants, CEP, October 1982, pp. 56-60. Kaldair Vapor Recovery Process, Company booklet, Kaldair Ltd., Langley Berks SL3 6EY, England. Waste Air Purification, Company booklet. Silica Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, D-13509 Berlin, Germany. 

The most common application of vegetable oil-modified polyamides is in the surface coatings and paints industry. The dimer acids of tall and soybean oils and amines are used to modify the flow behaviour of paints. This thixotropic flow prevents setting and sagging, enables easy application and improves surface appearance. Vegetable oil-based nylons are used as engineering polymers in the automotive and transport industry for fuel lines. Products are also used for the extruded and moulded components of fuel systems such as filler necks, gas tanks, reservoir modules, filters, fuel rails and vapour recovery systems. Nylon 11 is also used in power coatings to coat metals that must withstand abrasion, impact and corrosion. 

Gasoline vapour recovery has become an important field for membrane application in the last few years. Several hundred retail gasoline stations, in fact, have installed small membrane systems for the recovery of the hydrocarbon vapours during the transfer of... 

The industries affected by these regulations are those dealing with petrol vapour recovery, incineration of waste, mercury emissions from crematoria, animal rendering, non-ferrous foundry processes, surface treating of metals and plastic materials by powder coating, galvanizing of metals and the manufacture of certain specified composite wood-based boards. 

Vapour recovery systems (petrol) are incorporated into the system when bulk tanker delivery takes place... 

Future designs should take into account the operational feedback from maintenance activities in order to determine shielding requirements and design for ALARA. In addition, further improvement shall be made to reduce internal radiation dose. The use of more efficient vapour recovery dryers, the separation of reactor coolant and moderator support systems, and the separation of ventilation to the moderator heavy water management area are examples of improvements which will help to meet the objective of reducing occupational dose to plant persoimel. 

---