Vanadium physiology

Vanadium. 2. Vanadium—Physiological effect. I. Willsky, Gail Ruth,... 

DNLM 1. Vanadium-pharmacology. 2. Vanadium—physiology. 3. Isotopes. 

Vanadate, dioxybis(oxamato)-bond-length ratios, 1,57 Vanadate, heptacyano-potassium salt structure, I, 72 Vanadate, hexafluoro-dipotassium salt history, I, 21 potassium salt history, 1,21 tripotassium salt history, 1,21 Vanadate, pentachloro-stereochemistry, 1,40 Vanadate, pentafluorooxy-stereochemistry, I, 50 Vanadates biochemistry, 3,456 calcium/magnesium ATPase inhibition, 6, 567 competition with phosphates physiology, 6,665 protonation, 3,1026 sodium pump, 6, 557 in uranium purification from ore, 6, 899 Vanadates, hexafluoro-, 3. 482,531 Vanadates, oxoperoxo-, 3,501 Vanadates, pentacarbonyl-, 3, 457 Vanadium biology, 6,665 determination, 1. 548 extraction... 

Kustin K, McLeod GC, Gilbert TR, Briggs LR (1983) Vanadium and other Metal Ions in the Physiological Ecology of Marine Organisms 53 137-158... 

Insulin binding to the extracellular side of cell membranes initiates the insulin cascade , a series of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation steps. A postulated mechanism for vanadium is substitution of vanadate for phosphate in the transition state structure of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP).267,268 In normal physiological conditions, the attainable oxidation states of vanadium are V111, Viv and Vv. Relevant species in solution are vanadate, (a mixture of HV042-/ H2VOO and vanadyl V02+. Vanadyl is not a strong inhibitor of PTPs, suggesting other potential mechanisms for insulin mimesis for this cation. 

Physiological Action.—Vanadium compounds are poisonous when taken internally.1 The usual symptoms are paralysis, convulsions, lowering of the body temperature, and feeble pulse. The fatal dose in the case of a rabbit is between 0-00918 and 0-01466 gram. Workmen exposed to fumes of vanadium compounds, especially those engaged on ore-reduction plants, are said to be susceptible to vanadium poisoning, but this has been denied.2 Vanadium compounds have been shown... 

Other metalloporphyrins can also be found in Nature, though they do not seem to perform any vital physiological function. For example, the copper(II) complex of uroporphyrin-III (Table 1) occurs in high concentrations in the wing feathers of Turacus indicus, and is the source of most commercial samples of uroporphyrin-III. Chlorophyll degradation products, as the nickel and vanadium complexes, are found in oil shales and as a troublesome contaminant in crude petroleum oils. 

Gresser MJ, Tracey AS (1990) Vanadates as Phosphate Analogs in Biochemistry. In Chastcen ND (ed) Vanadium in Biological Systems. Physiology and Biochemistry. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, p 63... 

Vanadium and chromium appear to be essential elements, while this claim has also been made recently for tin (N. F. Cardarelli, Tin as a Vital Nutrient Implications in Cancer Prophylaxis and other Physiological Processes , CRC Press, Fort Lauderdale, 1985). For a recent account of the biochemistry of the trace elements see Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements , ed. E. Frieden, Plenum, New York, 1984... 

Willsky, G.R. 1990. Vanadium in the biosphere. In Vanadium in biological systems. Physiology and biochemistry, N.D. Chasteen (Ed.), Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 1-24. 

Chasteen, N. D. Vanadium in Biological Systems Physiology and Biochemistry Chasteen, N. D., Ed. Kluwer Academic Boston, MA, 1990. 

The number of studies of the biochemistry and physiology of vanadium has grown enormously in recent years. Because of the volume of published material, it is not possible to cover all of the important contributions in this area. Our knowledge of vanadium in biology is presently very much in a state of flux. Those aspects of biochemistry of vanadium which currently are best understood will receive proportionately greater attention here. In addition, the chemical and spectroscopic properties of vanadium that are relevant to studies of the biochemistry of this element will also be briefly covered. Some reviews of limited scope have appeared16"21. ... 

The chemistry of vanadium is characterized by multiple oxidation states (Fig. 1). The redox chemistry of this metal undoubtedly plays a role in its biochemistry. Of the four common oxidation states, only V(III), V(IV), and V(V) are important biologically, V(II) being too reducing to exist in any known organism. The best known example of the occurrence of V(III) is in the vanadocytes of the blood of tunicates22 otherwise, vanadium is largely found in the +4 and +5 oxidation states, both of which are readily accessible under physiological conditions. 

In the physiological pH range 6 to 8 when the total vanadium concentration is less than 10 mM, the species present in appreciable amounts are the vanadates(V) H2VO4, HVO2-, HV203, and V309 in which the metal is tetrahedrally coordinated23,24). In the presence... 

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