Valerian root oil

Buchbauer G, Jager W, Jirovetz L, Meyer F, Dietrich H. (1992). [Effects of valerian root oil, borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate and isobornyl acetate on the motility of laboratory animals (mice) after inhalation]. Pharmazie. 1992 Aug. 47(8) 620-2. 

The leaving group need not be tosylate in the following example, part of a synthesis of berg-amotene (a component of valerian root oil and the aroma of Earl Grey tea), a 2-iodo alcohol rearranges. 

The terpene sesquifenchene is a constituent of Indian valerian root oil. When it was first discovered in 1963, it was assumed to have structure A, related to bergamotene, a constituent of oil of bergamot (the fragrance of Earl Grey tea). 

Sesquifenchene (186), a component of the Indian valerian root oil Valeriana wallichii), is an example of another skeletal type, that can be derived from bisab-olene cation 125 (168). 

Isovaleric acid, Me2CHCH2COOH, is a colourless liquid with the unpleasant odour of valerian, b.p. 177 "C. Occurs in the roots of valerian and angelica together with an optically active form of methylethylethanoic acid. Prepared by oxidation of isoamyl alcohol. A mixture of acids similar to that obtained from valerian roots is prepared by oxidation of fusel oil. 

Baldrian, m. valerian. ather, m. valeric ester, specif, ethyl valerate, -ol, n. valerian oil. salz, n. valerate, -skure, /. valeric acid, -wurzel, /. valerian root, valerian. 

Dong quai and several other herbal products, including evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, flaxseed, and wild yam, have not demonstrated efficacy with regard to the relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the safety of these products is also questionable.4,33,35 Therefore, these products should not be recommended for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. 

Evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, and wild yam No demonstrated efficacy Not recommended Caution with all plant products in women with hay fever and plant allergies... 

Oocrmimee.—lke greater number of tbe aoids of this secies are met with ready formed in nature, some in the free state, as formic acid in ants and nettles, ralerio acid in the valerian root, pehu onio acid in the essential oil of the jPehrgonim roaem, and cerotio acid in bees>wax. 

Main actives Valepotriates (0.5-2.0%), volatile oil (0.2-1.0%) and valeric acid (0.1-0.9%). Benefits Valerian has been used as a daytime sedative to reduce anxiety and stress and it has been demonstrated to reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. Valerian root extracts and volatile oils are used as components in the flavour industry, especially in alcoholic beverages such as beers and liqueurs and in soft drinks such as root beers. They have also been used in tobacco flavours. 

Catnip contains nepetalactone, a volatile oil similar to that found in valerian root. It acts as a mild sedative to relieve migraines, menstrual cramps, tension, and anxiety. Many consider catnip effective in treating flatulence and indigestion others regard it as a diuretic. Ozarks use catnip to treat aching teeth. A weak catnip tea is a traditional remedy to help soothe colicky babies. 

Valerian root volatile oil is used as massage oil for visualization. 

Some medicinal plants and spices have no smell when they are fresh, e.g. mustard seed, valerian root and vanilla fruit. On storage or fermentation, when a hydrolysis of the glycoside (the bound form of the essential oil) takes place, the characteristic smell appears. Similar conditions are also present in anise and fennel, the essential oils of which are partly bound as glycosides. 

II. Ordinary valerianic acid—DefpAfnfc acid—Phocenic acid— Isovaleric acid—Isopropyl acetic acid—Isobutylformie acid— Acidum valerianicum (Br.).—This acid exists in the oil of the porpoise, and in valerian root and in angelica root. It is formed during putrid fermentation or oxidation of albuminoid sub-.stances. It occurs in the urine and faeces in typhus, variola, and... 

Vo, L.T., D. Chan, and R.G. King. 2003. Investigation of the effects of peppermint oil and valerian on rat liver and cultured human Uver cells. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 30(10) 799-804 Wells, S.R. 1995. Intentional intravenous administration of a crude valerian root extract. North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology Annual Meeting, Rochester, New York, September 16-19,1995. /. Toxicol. Oin. Toxicol. 33(5) 542. 

Valerian oil is obtained by steam distillation of well-dried ground roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae). It is a yellow-green to yellow-brown liquid with an extremely strong, characteristic, penetrating odor. The oil becomes dark and viscous on aging or on exposure to air. 

Note Valerian consists of the dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis Linne (Fam. Valerianaceae). It has been employed as an antianxiety agent and sleep aid for more than 1000 years. The drug contains from 0.3 to 0.7% of an unpleasant-smelling volatile oil containing bornyl acetate and the sesquiterpenoids, valerenic acid, and acetoxyvalerenolic acid. Also present is a mixture of lipophilic iridoid principles known as valepotriates. These bicyclic monoterpenoids are quite unstable and occur only in the fresh plant or in material dried at temperatures under 40°C. Although the specific active principals of valerian have not been determined, it is possible that a combination of the sesquiterpenoids and the valepotriates may be involved. The drug may be administered as a tea prepared from 2 to 3 g of the dried herb or equivalent amounts of a tincture or extract may be employed. 

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