V products

Ionic liquid Composition of the ionic liquid (molar ratio) Ni-complex Activity (kgg(Ni)- b-v Product DMB/ M2P/nH < >... 

Rosato, D. V., Product Design Plastic Selection Guide, SPE ANTEC, May 1990. 

Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid, HC1). Supplied in concentrated form at approximately 32 to 37% w/v HC1 in water. This is the standard acidic cleaning solvent, but it is often very corrosive and the spent solution needs considerable rinsing. Very aggressive Typically, clean at 5 to 20% v/v product/water at 150 to 180 °F (66-82 °C), but up to only 120 °F (49 °C) for cast iron and up to 140 °F for marstenitic SS (60 °C). 

Bridgwater, A.V., Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, Catal. Today, 1996, 29, 285. 

L — maltolate the coordination environment of the vanadium in K[V02(malt)2] H2O is approximately octahedral, the two 0x0 ligands being in cis positions. [K(H20)e] units link adjacent vanadium(V) complex anions to give a chain structure 166). The main products of aerobic oxidation of [V O(dmpp)2l in aqueous solution are [V02(dmpp)] and [VOo(dmpp)2]. High pH favors these V products, whereas at low pH V species predominate 171). Vanadium(V) also forms a VO(OR)(malt)2 series, readily prepared from ammonium vanadate, maltol, and the appropriate alcohol in a water-alcohol-dichloromethane medium 172), and 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate analogues V0(0R)L2 on oxidation of their oxovanadium(IV) precursors in solution in the appropriate alcohol ROH 168). 

Stadler M et at. Metabolites with nematicidal and antimicrobial activities from the ascomycete Lachnum papyraceum (Karst.) Karst. V. Production, isolation and biological activities of bromine-containing mycorrhizin and lachnumon derivatives and four additional new bioactive metabolites, J Antibiot 48 149—153, 1995. 

Table V. Product distribution from catalytic cracking at 560 C in weight %...

This selectivity has been explained by a. vv anomeric effect which should stabilize an arrangement like that in 13 and thus, in polar solvents, favor formation of the /ran.v-product 12a. In pentane the lithium is probably coordinated between the oxygen atoms (see 14) and consequently the cis-product 12b is formed preferentially. 

Treatment of the pyrrolidone mixture 5 with 2.1 equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide at — 78 °C for 1 hour, and then — 25 °C for 1 hour, yields the dianionic enolate. Alkylation at -117 °C or - 78 °C then provides a 50-80% yield of the (3S)-alkylated 3,4-tran.v-product as a 85 15 mixture of the 5-epimers19,20. No trace of the 3,4-a.s-product could be detected by NMR. The electrophile attacks from the side opposite to the alkoxide group. Evidently, in this case, the stereogenic center in the 5-position has no influence on the stereoselectivity. 

The reaction of triplet carbenes with a persistent nitroxide such as 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine A -oxide (TEMPO, 84) to form benzophenone would be spin allowed and >100-kcal/mol exothermic (Scheme 9.26). The reaction has a few parallels in free radical chemistry, such as the reaction of tert-butoxyl with carbon monoxide (to yield CO2) or with phosphorus (111) substrates to yield P(V) products. " ... 

The electrochemistry of V(Et2Dtc)3, VO(Et2Dtc)2, and VO(Et2Dtc)3 has been studied by cyclic voltametry (555). One-electron reversible reduction is found for the V(Et2Dtc)3 complex (-1.075V versus SCE) and one-electron irreversible oxidation (+0.35 V) also has been found with the formation of both V(IV) and V(V) products. The VO(Et2Dtc)3 is reduced to VO(Et2Dtc)2 at -0.90 V. The product is further reduced at — 1.35 V to an electroinactive V(III) species (555). 

Cell divider Temp, °C Current density, A/dm2 Cell voltage, V Product selectivity, % Current efficiency, % Power usage, kWh/kg ScaleC Reference... 

Stadler M, Anke H, Sterner O (1995) Metabolites with Nematicidal and Antimicrobial Activities from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceum (Karst.) Karst V. Production, Isolation and Biological Activities of Bromine-Containing Mycorrhizin and Lachnumon Derivatives and Four Additional New Bioactive Metabolites. J Antibiot 48 149... 

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