Utility proof

The three prerequisites of patentable invention are novelty, unobviousness, and utility. Proof of utility is basic to reduction. As a general rule, a substance is reduced to practice when it is actually produced unless its usefulness is not apparent from its ingredients, chemical structure, or manner of production, in which case the material s utility must be demonstrated by proper tests 15). 

Reasonable Accommodation—As with ADA, the anployer can utilize proof of attempting to make reasonable accommodation in cases alleging religious discrimination. ... 

Proof. By utilizing the local coordinate systems (1.135), the assertion of Lemma 1.13 reduces to the case... 

For dmgs approved originally between 1938 and 1962, the FDA has utilized the Abbreviated New Dmg AppHcation (ANDA) for review of generic products that are pharmaceutical equivalents of the initially approved products. In this way, costiy dupHcation of animal and human experimentation is avoided. The new manufacturer has to show only that its manufacturing methodology, specifications, quaUty control, and labeling are acceptable. In some cases, the FDA does require proof of bioequivalence. 

Alkan olamines ate used in urethane coatings for glass shatter proofing (68) and have been utilized as amides, salts, or free amines in providing antifrosting, antifogging, and dirt-resistant films on glass and plastics (69—72). 

The standard requires suppliers to utilize appropriate mistake-proofing methods during the planning of processes, facilities equipment, and tooling. 

Utility depends on product applications and proof of superior performance. 

There is adequate proof that ketone bodies originate in the liver81 1H 192-199 and that the muscles can utilize the ketone bodies in fasting or diabetic ketosis200-202 as well as normally.208-208 Shaw206 has... 

Color Change. The development of color change within a photopolymer structure has been utilized in a number of commercial products. Specifically, the light induced change of a colorless leuco dye into a colored image forms the basis of several monotone positional pre-press proofing products. Other color change schemes (e.g. photochromic chemistry) have been used in a variety of products. 

Printing Materials. The application of photopolymer technology to a wide variety of imaging applications in the printing industry is a quite important. Most printing plates and pre-press proofing products used today are based on, or utilize some element of, photopolymer chemistry. 

Tipson devoted most of his years in Levene s laboratory accomplishing seminal work on the components of nucleic acids. To determine the ring forms of the ribose component of the ribonucleosides he applied Haworth s methylation technique and established the furanoid structure for the sugar in adenosine, guanosine, uridine, and thymidine. He showed that formation of a monotrityl ether is not a reliable proof for the presence of a primary alcohol group in a nucleoside, whereas a tosyl ester that is readily displaced by iodide affords clear evidence that the ester is at the 5-position of the pentofuranose. Acetonation of ribonucleosides was shown to give the 2, 3 -C -isopropyl-idene derivatives, which were to become extensively used in nucleoside and nucleotide chemistry, and were utilized by Tipson in the first chemical preparation of a ribonucleotide, inosinic acid. 

The printing ink industry utilizes P.Y.139 to color high grade printing products. 1/3 SD letterpress proof prints equal step 7 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. 

Persuasive proof of sulfanilamide s true antibacterial prowess came from Leonard Colebrook and his team of researchers in the maternity ward of Queen Charlotte s Hospital in London (7, 8, 9). Managing to obtain samples of Prontosil late in 1935, Colebrook quickly demonstrated the drug s remarkable effectiveness in curbing puerperal fever. The utility was soon expanded to other severe streptococcal infections. 

Having seen the number of papers devoted to bioprocess analyses utilizing vibrational spectroscopy, it cannot be considered an experimental tool any longer. Manufacturers are responding to pressure to make their instruments smaller, faster, explosion-proof, lighter, less expensive, and, in many cases, wireless. Processes may be followed in-line, at-line, or near-line by a variety of instruments, ranging from inexpensive filter-based to robust FT instruments. Raman, IR, and NIR are no longer just subjects of feasibility studies they are ready to be used in full-scale production. 

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