Using the Sampling Tool

In the Input Range box, enter the range of x values. A deficiency of the Sampling tool is that it can sample in only one range at a time if you have a column of x values and a column of y values, you ll have to perform the sampling operation twice. 

Anova Two-Fador WSh RepScation Anova Two-Fador Without RepTicatior Correlatim Covariance Descriptive Statistics E)g onential Sofioothing F-Test Two-Sample for Variances Focjfier Analysis 

The Sampling tool can perform either random or periodic sampling. Press the button for periodic sampling and enter 10 as the value for the period. 

There are three output options sending the results to a new worksheet ply, to a new workbook, or to a specified range of cells on the active sheet. For this 

Finally, repeat the whole process to sample the range of y values. 

---

Using the Sampling tool would be laborious if you needed to sample a data file with, for example, 17 columns a column of x values and 16 columns of associated y values. You d have to use the Sampling tool 17 times. In a case like this it would be preferable to have a formula, using relative references, that could be entered once, filled down to sample the column of x values, then filled right to create formulas that would sample each of the columns of y values. The following formulas illustrate how to do this. 

While defining a correct sample is straightforward in theory, sample extraction is difficult to carry out in practice because of the sampling dimension, the tools used, and how they are used. The sampling tool must be compatible with the boundaries defined, and the tool must be used correctly. When the sample defined is not the same as the sample extracted, we incur an EE, another of the three errors arising from violating the principle of correct sampling. 

A few of the sampling tools used are blades, tubes, and augers (Byrnes, 1994). 

Since it is usually impossible to study a whole population, real science is carried out on smaller samples randomly selected from the larger population. The sample is unlikely to be of any direct interest to the reader. However, it is of indirect interest -the hope is that we can use the sample as a tool to throw light on the nature of the general population. 

To collect oil-contaminated soil samples, common tools such as shovels, trowels, scoops, hand-operated auger coring devices are suitable for the top 30 cm. From 30 to 100 cm, one can manually remove the top layer of soil and then use the common tools as described above. For oil deposited on solid surfaces such as wood, rock, and concrete, it can be scrapped off the solid surfaces and placed directly into a sample container. On prolonged weathering at sea, oil tends to form blackish, semisolid tar balls (in diameter of 1 mm to 300 mm). They can be collected by hand and placed into sample containers without difficulty. If freshly spilled oUs or refined products have been absorbed and penetrated into sand or soil, representative oil-contaminated sand or sediment samples from various sites and varying depth should be collected. 

The shear strength measurement was conducted with an Instron tensile test machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead movement type. A shear tool described in ASTM D732 was used. The samples were run at a crosshead speed of 0.05 In/mln. 

The high efficiency obtainable in a short time makes this technique an important tool for main component assays, impurity determinations, enantiomeric separations, and identity confirmation. These applications do not require very low detection limits and can mostly be carried out using the sample introduction methods mentioned in Section 6.4.1. Enantiomer separation is obtained by adding to the electrolyte solution a complex-forming compound, for example, cyclodextrins, which give different complex formation with the two forms. 

If the water from the sampler can be used without prior filtration, the desired sample volumes for manual analysis (generally about SO mL) may be poured into the final reaction bottles using the simple tool shown in Fig. 10-2. A hole of about 10 mm diameter is drilled into a lOOmL graduated cylinder of polypropylene just above the desired volume mark. The lower bend of the hole is adjusted (with a file) so that the cylinder in the vertical position retains the desired volume of seawater. The accuracy of 40 mL sample volumes thus collected was found to be better than 0.2mL causing analytical errors of less than 0.5 % (less than the method precision). 

MATLAB has an additional tool that allows the user to estimate the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) for the parameters of different distributions, using the sample data in the vector data. The... 

The sidewall sampling tool (Sl/VS) can be used to obtain small plugs (2 cm diameter, 5 cm length, often less) directly from the borehole wall. The tool is run on wireline after the hole has been drilled. Some 20 to 30 individual bullets are fired from each gun (Fig. 5.35) at different depths. The hollow bullet will penetrate the formation and a rock sample will be trapped inside the steel cylinder. By pulling the tool upwards, wires connected to the gun pull the bullet and sample from the borehole wall. 

Fluid samples will be taken using downhole sample bombs or the MDT tool in selected development wells to confirm the PVT properties assumed in the development plan, and to check for areal and vertical variations in the reservoir. In long hydrocarbon columns (say 1000 ft) it is common to observe vertical variation of fluid properties due to gravity segregation. 

The present work was done with the aim to evaluate the efficiency of the acoustic emission method as a diagnostic tool for analysing a carbon plastic composite and its adhesive joints. The samples of the carbon plastic type UKN-5000 were used in the test. Non-defected samples and samples with artificial defects were tested. 

The ultrasonic testing of anisotropic austenitic steel welds is a commonly used method in nondestructive testing. Nevertheless, it is often a problem to analyze the received signals in a satisfactory way. Computer simulation of ultrasonics has turned out to be a very helpful tool to gather information and to improve the physical understanding of complicated wave phenomena inside the samples. 

---