Use in industry and agriculture

The high production volumes and widespread use of surfactants have been an environmental concern since the early 1960s. Surfactants are used in industry and agriculture and are also found in household and personal care products. Subsequently, these substances are released into the environment, directly, or after being processed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). 

Carbon compounds containing more than one halogen atom are usually referred to as polyhalogen compounds. Many of these compounds are useful in industry and agriculture. Some polyhalogen compounds are described in this seetlon. 

Chlorinated phenols are among the most important contaminants in the environment (aqueous systems and soils) due to their widespread use in industry and agriculture and for domestic purposes for over 50 years. It is well-known that chlorophenols are toxic at low levels. The more highly chlorinated phenols such as trichlorophenols and pentachlorophenol are also persistent. Five of the chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) have been classified as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

Potassium hydroxide (poe-TAS-ee-yum hy-DROK-side) is a white deliquescent solid that is available in sticks, lumps, flakes, or pellets. A deliquescent material is one that tends to absorb so much moisture from the atmosphere that it becomes very wet, even to the point of dissolving in the water it has absorbed. Potassium hydroxide also absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, changing in the process to potassium carbonate (K2C03). Potassium hydroxide is one of the most caustic materials known. It has a number of uses in industry and agriculture. 

Adhesion is widely used in industry and agriculture. For example, this phenomenon plays a major role in filtration, separation of dry materials, cleaning of surfaces, electrophotography, treatment of plants with pesticides, and many other processes. Adhesion is a major factor in processes taking place in nature. If there were no adhesion, dust settling on the ground would be continuously returned to the atmosphere by air currents, and the dust concentration in the atmosphere would reach vast proportions. One the other hand, soil... 

Ammonia. Ammonia is commonly used in industry and agriculture in the form of a liquid stored at its own, modest vapor pressure. Liquid ammonia offers high specific energy and energy density based on a relatively simple thermocatalytic hydrogen-generating dissociation reaction... 

Uses Antifoam emulsion used in industrial and agricultural aq. foaming systems ... 

Uses Emulsifier used in industrial and agricultural formulations Properties Liq. oil-sol. HLB 11 70% cone. 

Petroleum solvents are relatively light petroleum cuts, in the C4 to C14 range, and have numerous applications in industry and agriculture. Their use is often related to their tendency to evaporate consequently, they are classified as a function of their boiling points. 

The direction of human activity is determined by the intensity of pollution, time the pollution lasted (waste utilization), cost of environmental cleaning, amount of investment in the renewal of resources and in the prevention of environmental pollution, investment in industry and agriculture, rate of natural resource expenditure, and search for new sources, etc. The hypothetical trends of these processes should be set in order to realize the predictions using the global model. 

The practical application of organogermanium compounds has been developed since the last quarter of the 20th century. They were used in medicine and agriculture as drugs and biostimulants86,574 as well as in the microelectronic industry to produce thin films of elementary germanium151,152. 

Ammonia, used extensively in industry and agriculture, is a highly water-soluble gas. It interacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide, causing alkaline bums of the eyes and other mucosal surfaces and upper airway. Prolonged, extensive exposure can injure the lung parenchyma and lead to respiratory failure (15). 

A great number of synthetic organic chemicals potentially harmful to the enviromnent are regularly used for industrial and agricultural applications, as well as in ordinary households. 

---