Usage of words

Whereas Figure 1 represents worldwide data for all types of pubHcly available databases. Figure 2, showing growth in database searches, represents only a portion of those databases, ie, U.S. usage of word-oriented databases in the information center/Hbrary market. 

The question naturally arises as to how these differences in American and British usage of words and terms may be readily recognized. There is no simple answer to the problem, for Anglo-American dictionaries, as such, do not appear to exist. Perhaps the constant use of indexes from both countries is the best solution. 

All this may seem to be only a matter of proper usage of words it is not. It is a matter of recognizing what science is about. ... 

Terminology Relating to current word usage of technical terms. 

This usage of the word saturated shows that chemists, like other people, sometimes use the same word with two entirely different meanings. On p. 164 this word was used to describe a solution which contains the equilibrium concentration of a dissolved substance. As used here, in reference to organic compounds, it means that all bonds to carbon are single bonds and they are all formed with hydrogen or other carbon atoms. 

Plastomer, a nomenclature constructed from the synthesis of the words plastic and elastomer, illustrates a family of polymers, which are softer (lower hexural modulus) than the common engineering thermoplastics such as polyamides (PA), polypropylenes (PP), or polystyrenes (PS). The common, current usage of this term is reshicted by two limitahons. First, plastomers are polyolehns where the inherent crystallinity of a homopolymer of the predominant incorporated monomer (polyethylene or isotactic polypropylene [iPP]) is reduced by the incorporahon of a minority of another monomer (e.g., octene in the case of polyethylene, ethylene for iPP), which leads to amorphous segments along the polymer chain. The minor commoner is selected to distort... 

Many authors may object to our usage of the word intermediate for the spectroscopic excited state at the original geometry, such as trans-stilbene triplet, and there may even be some opposition to the usage of this term for the non-spectroscopic excited state, such as twisted stilbene triplet, and a tendency to reserve the term intermediate only for those species which have a minimum in the So hypersurface. 

The word philosophical comes from the Greek words philos meaning love and sophia meaning wisdom. Philosophy is therefore the love of wisdom. This same usage of wisdom is seen with the initials PhD, which means a philosophy doctorate ... 

A graph of the proportion 9 against the (equilibrium) concentration of adsorbate is also called an isotherm. (This dual usage of the word can cause some confusion.) A typical adsorption isotherm is shown in the schematic diagram in Figure 10.2, and shows how the proportion 9 of occupied sites increases quite fast initially as the concentration [capsaicin] increases. Above a certain concentration of adsorbate, however, the amount of capsaicin adsorbed does not increase but remains constant. In this example, the maximum value of 9 is about unity. In other words, all the possible adsorption sites are bonded to a molecule of capsaicin - but only if the concentration of the capsaicin is huge. 

To understand the evaluation of a CLE, we need to introduce some terms The word isotopomer is a combination of the terms isotope, and isomer. An isotopomer is one of the different labeling states in which a particular metabolite can be encountered [248] that is, a molecule with n carbon atoms has 2" isotopomers. These are usually either depicted using outlined and filled circles for unlabeled and labeled atoms, respectively (see Fig. 14), or are described in text format for example, C 010 would be the isotopomer of a three-carbon molecule labeled at the second position. An isotopomer fraction is the percentage of molecules in this specific labeling state. The positional enrichment is the sum of all isotopomer fractions in which a specific carbon atom in a specific metabolite is labeled [248]. Consequently, the usage of isotopomers enables to account for more information While a molecule with n carbon atoms will yield n positional enrichments, there are 2 — 1 isotopomer fractions (the 2"th measurement is redundant as, by definition, isotopomer fractions must sum up to unity) [260],... 

In everyday chemical usage, the word equilibrium means that a reaction has stopped, e.g. because it has reached its position of minimum chemical potential or because one reactant has been consumed completely. In this electroanalytical context, however, we say that we are making a measurement of potential at equilibrium , yet the system has clearly not reached a true equilibrium because as soon as the voltmeter is replaced with a connection having zero resistance, a cell reaction could commence. What then do we mean by equilibrium in this electroanalytical context ... 

Equation (3.4) contains the assumption that the interface is fully coherent. If it is only partially coherent, i.e. it contains interface dislocations, it is said to be relaxed, and equation (3.4) is not valid for the determination of the relaxed mismatch. Note the two different usages of the word relaxed in the last sentence It is necessary to measure the misfit parallel to the interface as well as... 

The term word usage refers to correct and incorrect uses of words and phrases. For example, there is a right way and a wrong way to use such words as affect and effect and spectra and spectrum. 

Before we conclude our discussion of move 1, we call your attention to the pointers accompanying excerpts 12A-12E. These pointers, together with their corresponding excerpts, highlight correct usages of the following words, punctuation, or other writing features ... 

Dictionaries Lists of words, their meanings, usage, history, pronunciation, and so on Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary, Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, Harvard Dictionary of Music... 

It is to be emphasized that graphitized is used in this section to mean heated to an elevated temperature above ca. 2200°. This is in line with the popular usage of the word, and should not be interpreted to mean that after graphitization the carbon has a 100% graphitic structure. As discussed by Walker and Imperial artificial graphite approaches closely but does not have a 100% graphitic structure even after heat treatment to 3600°. 

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