Urban proximity

At least three types of problems contribute to air pollution problems on the regional scale. One is the carryover of urban oxidant problems to the regional scale. With the existence of major metropolitan areas in close proximity, the air from one metropolitan area, containing both secondary pollutants formed through reactions and primary pollutants, flows on to the adjacent metropolitan area. The pollutants from the second area are then added on top of the "background" from the first. 

Hexane may be expected to comprise around 2% of the VOCs in urban air polluted with hydrocarbons from automobile emissions or other combustion byproducts (Barrefors and Petersson 1993). The -hexane concentrations in urban air will typically be approximately 60% of the concentrations of benzene (Daisey et al. 1994). Close proximity to the exhaust systems of cars or other gasoline-powered vehicles can lead to exposures to increased concentrations of -hexane. Under rush-hour conditions, the concentrations in the interior air of buses will tend to be lower (55 g/m3 or 19.8 ppbv) than the interior levels in cars (69 g/m3 or 24.9 ppbv) or the air around persons riding motorcycles (106 g/m3 or... 

The major benefit from odour control is that it releases land otherwise barred to slurry spreading through its proximity to housing. This is equally important to both the farmer and water authority. For the farmer it removes pressure from other areas of the farm and allows more efficient utilisation of the nutrients in the slurry, and for the water authority, it can result in substantial savings in transport costs as farm land within urban areas is generally nearer to the sewage treatment works. 

The history of the Kresge-Hooker Science Library at Wayne State University is briefly reviewed. Some outstanding items of the periodical collection are enumerated, as well as some collectors items of interest to historians of chemistry. Current subscriptions to scientific periodicals include numerous titles which are not found widely in other libraries in this country. An abbreviated list of such periodicals has been compiled. Close proximity of the Detroit Public Library to the Kresge-Hooker Science Library on Wayne s campus, located in the heart of the city, provides excellent science library facilities for the students of that large urban university, the chemical and engineering industries, and the citizenry of Detroit alike. 

It is suggested here that the dramatic increase in autism in California is due to environmental factors. The highly populated areas of California have poor air and water quality, contain numerous neurotoxic chemicals, 60 641 and are in close proximity to numerous Superfund sitesJ751 This is particularly the case in the Los Angeles area. The recent study connecting increased autism prevalence to maternal organochlorine pesticide exposure in rural California areas 59 supports the relationship between exposures to environmental pollutants and autism. Residents of urban areas are... 

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