United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) was established in 1970. The US-EPA is responsible for regulation of chemicals in air, water, and soil (US-EPA 2006a). 

Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) Drinking water standards for various contaminants that are enforced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) that take into account the risks of human health effects and the costs of cleaning the water (Appendix E). The current MCL for arsenic is 10 pg E 1 (40 Code of Federal Regulations 141.62). 

National priorities list (NPL) A list of US sites contaminated with hazardous wastes that is maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The sites are eligible for long-term remediation under the US EPA Superfund program. 

The United States is the leader as regards the integrated assessment of the quality of effluents introduced into aquatic environments. In 1984, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) introduced the notion of Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET). WET assays may involve the following samples 79... 

The dimensions of the brownfields challenge in the United States are staggering. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) estimates that between 500,000 and a million brownfield sites exist nationally, and that the cost for cleaning them up will exceed 650 billion [US General Accounting Office (US GAO), 1995]. Cities across the country estimate that they could create more than 550,000 jobs—and recover 2.4 billion in tax revenue—if these properties were redeveloped (US Conference of Mayors, 2000). Despite this promise, many communities have discovered that redevelopment of brownfields is challenging and requires creative approaches and flexibility to succeed. 

The concentrations of mercury in the landfill gas were estimated with the aid of a simulation program EandGEM that was developed by the office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Land GEM is based on a fust-order decomposition rate equation for quantifying emissions from the decomposition of landfilled waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The software provides a relatively simple approach to estimating landfill gas emissions. Model defaults are based on empirical data from US landfills. Field test data can also be used in place of model defaults when available. This software was also useful to forecast the future levels of mercury generation from LEG. 

Because of its widespread use, relatively large amounts of these compounds are released into the environment and some of them enter the food chain. They have become ubiquitous in the environment.The most commonly used phthalates have been included in the list of priority pollutants in several countries. These are dimethyl- (DMP), diethyl- (DEP), di- -butyl- (DnBP), butylbenzyl- (BBP), bis(2-ethyUiexyl)- (DEHP), and di- -octyl (DnOP) phthalates. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has established a maximum admissible concentration (MAC) in water of 6 /rg/1 for DEHP." " In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to human exposure to phthalates because of the suspicion of its carcinogenic and estrogenic properties. " " ... 

The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)-National Research Coimcil (NRC) commissioned a six-year study to develop an assessment framework that helps transportation and environmental officials make prudent decisions on suitable reuse of waste and byproduct materials in road construction. This evaluation methodology not only includes its own innovative testing and measmement components but also incorporates several important featmes of the risk assessment paradigm developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) [5]. 

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organizations. Table 1 summarizes the different methods approved for either microwave drying or microwave acid dissolution by the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), Standard Method, and Erench and Chinese national methods. 

In the middle of 1980s, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) approved ion chromatography for the analysis of alkali and alkaline earth cations and ammonium in rain water and wet precipitation. In 1998, International Standard Organization (ISO) published Method 14911 ° for the simultaneous determination of dissolved alkali and alkaline earth cations, ammonia and manganese in water and wastewater using suppressed ion chromatography. 

The SDWA of 1974 authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. With guidance from the US EPA, all states and water systems must then work together to make sure that these standards are met (5). The SDWA equally applies to every public water system in mral Utah, even small water systems like Scofield, Utah, with a population of 24. A major difficulty for maity of these rural areas is the distance to the nearest analytical laboratory (as much as... 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (2002a) Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates ... 

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