United Kingdom nuclear power

Implications Drawn from the Aviation, Rail, and United Kingdom Nuclear Power Industries... 

Effects of deregulation on safety implications from the aviation, rail, and United Kingdom nuclear power industries / Vicki Bier...(et al.). p.cm. 

As mentioned earlier, the advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) represents the second generation of reactors in the United Kingdom nuclear power program, which is planned to provide a total generating capacity of 8600 MWe in seven twin-reactor stations. Typical features of the planned reactors of the AGR type include the following ... 

ATOMIC ENERGY CONTROL BOARD, CANADA DIRECTION DE LA SURETE DES INSTALLATIONS NUCLEAIRES, INSTTTUT DE PROTECTION ET DE SURETE NUCLEAIRE, FRANCE NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS INSPECTORATE, UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Four Party Regulatory Corrserrsus Report on the Safety Case for Computer-Based Systems in Nuclear Power Plants, HMSO, Norwich (1997). 

Fluorine was first produced commercially ca 50 years after its discovery. In the intervening period, fluorine chemistry was restricted to the development of various types of electrolytic cells on a laboratory scale. In World War 11, the demand for uranium hexafluoride [7783-81-5] UF, in the United States and United Kingdom, and chlorine trifluoride [7790-91 -2J, CIF, in Germany, led to the development of commercial fluorine-generating cells. The main use of fluorine in the 1990s is in the production of UF for the nuclear power industry (see Nuclearreactors). However, its use in the preparation of some specialty products and in the surface treatment of polymers is growing. 

Table 1 contains technical data for the newer plants of the Magnox and AGR type. These are operated in the United Kingdom by Nuclear Electric pic. The electrical power output of the AGR is almost three times that of the Magnox, whereas its core volume is less than half as large. 

During the atomic energy developments in the World War II years and for a period thereafter, ihe United States, ihe United Kingdom, and Canada cooperated closely and many of the nuclear scientists of these countries appreciated the merits of heavy water as a moderator. Each of these countries pursued some development of HWRs for commercial power generation, but at different paces and dedication. Only Canada took to the HWR for commercial power generation. See Figs. 25 and 26. 

The United States derived about 20 percent of its electricity from nuclear energy in 2002 (EIA, Electric Power Monthly, 2003). The 103 power reactors operating today have a total capacity of nearly 100 gigawatts electric (GWe) and constitute about 13 percent of the installed U.S. electric generation capacity. The current U.S. plants use water as the coolant and neutron moderator (hence called light-water reactors, or LWRs) and rely on the steam Rankine cycle as the thermal-to-electrical power conversion cycle. Other countries use other technologies—notably C02-cooled reactors in the United Kingdom and heavy-water-cooled reactors (HWRs) in Canada and India. 

Although a great amount of corrosion control information and strategies were available in the United Kingdom, only certain industries such as oil and chemical industries and aircraft and nuclear power industries paid attention to corrosion in the design stage. 

C. A. Adams and G. N. Stone, Safety and siting of nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom. Containment Siting Nucl. Power Plants, Proc. Symp., Vienna Pap. SM-89/33... 

The papers in this Watt Committee report describe the Chernobyl Number 4 Reactor, detail the main components of the accident and its consequences, and then explore what there is of relevance to the United Kingdom at a time when the future of nuclear power here is a major issue between the political parties. 

Since the middle 1950s, both national and international procedures have imposed strict control upon the nuclear industry in the United Kingdom, to ensure that the dangers from ionising radiation to both the general public and workers in nuclear power plants are at the lowest reasonably achievable levels (ALARA— As Low As Reasonably Achievable ). 

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