Underground elevations

Power distribution and control wiring Utilities, lifts, elevators Underground railway iran.sport Mining... 

Also known as metro, subway, elevated, underground, or heavy rail, this higher-capacity rail service is distinguished by its use of trained vehicles (several... 

Three of five men, who lost consciousness within a few minutes of entering a partially drained underground liquid manure storage tank, died before reaching the hospital autopsy showed that two had massive liquid manure pulmonary aspiration, while the third had fulminant pulmonary edema without manure aspiration (Osbem and Crapo 1981). Markedly elevated heart-blood sulfide-ion levels indicated significant hydrogen sulfide exposure. Air samples analyzed about a week after the accident detected only 76 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, but the study authors noted that the environmental conditions were probably different (e g., warmer weather, less-concentrated manure). 

The underground tanks at this site were located in a tank hold that extended into the shale. When the release occurred, gasoline migrated downward into the shale and groundwater. Groundwater in the shallow aquifer in this area is not used, due to limited quantity and poor quality, although a significant concern existed due to elevated hydrocarbon vapors. A local basement fire had been attributed to the presence of the vapors. 

Reservoirs are used to store raw or untreated water for chemical processing. They can be located underground (buried), at ground level, or on an elevated surface. Reservoirs can vary significantly in size small reservoirs can hold as little as a thousand gallons, while larger reservoirs may hold many million gallons. 

The energy associated with the interfaces between phases plays an important part in certain aspects of the migration of petroleum in underground reservoirs. For this reason there has long been interest in the interfacial tension between the phases of petroleum. The work of Swartz (71) was one of the early efforts to determine the effect of changes in pressure and composition upon the interfacial tension between the liquid and gas phases of petroleum. The methods of determining the interfacial tension between phases have been improved and the pendant drop method (16, 25) appears to be one of the more useful approaches to such measurements, particularly at elevated pressures. 

The environmental factors that influence occurrence and concentrations of pesticides include amount and timing of rainfall after pesticide application, and dilution by water bodies. Another factor that appears to influence pesticide concentrations in streams is soil permeability. Well-drained soils allow water to percolate into the groundwater. As water percolates through soil, some pesticides are filtered by the soil and broken down to degradates by bacteria. In areas with impermeable soils, more water enters streams as surface runoff. Such areas also require tile drains to make the land arable. Because tile drains lessen the underground filtration of the soils, they can transport elevated concentrations of pesticides [95,96]. 

Discharge of dewatering effluents from underground uranium mines and runoff from uranium mine tailings piles have contaminated surface waters and aquifers in New Mexico with elevated levels of gross alpha activity and uranium (NMHED 1989). The concentration of uranium in mine discharge water in New Mexico was 31,500 pg/L (equivalent to 22,680 pCi/L assuming the uranium content is natural uranium)... 

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