Ultraviolet radiation chronic effects

Bissett DL, Chatterjee R, Hannon DP (1990) Photoprotective effect of superoxide-scavenging antioxidants against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 7 56-62... 

M.J. Behrenfeld, J.T. Hardy, H.I. Lee (1992). Chronic effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on growth and cell volume of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol., 28, 757-760. 

M. Nonchemical physical exposures in the workplace are important because they can cause systemic effects that mimic chemical toxidromes. The most important example is heat stress, which is a major occupational health issue. Other relevant nonchemioal, work-related physical exposure types include ionizing radiation, nonionizing radiation (such as ultraviolet, infrared, and microwave exposure), and increased barometric pressure (eg, among caisson workers). Except for extremes of exposure, the adverse effects of these physical factors are generally associated with chronic conditions. 

OSHA considers skin diseases as illnesses caused by exposure to chemicals, plants, or other hazardous substances. OSHA dehnes respiratory conditions or illnesses as breathing-related problems associated with pneumonitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, farmer s lung, beryllium disease, tuberculosis, occupational asthma, reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypersensitivity. Examples can include heatstroke, hypothermia, decompression sickness, effects of ionizing radiation, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, anthrax, and bloodbome pathogen diseases. 

The use of topical corticosteroids, used in the successful treatment of ACD, has been questioned as a treatment for irritant dermatitis (van der Valk and Maibach 1989). They may be effective in chronic, hyperkeratotic irritant dermatitis, but their prolonged use may lead to epidermal atrophy and, consequently, increased irritant sensitivity. Other therapeutic options in irritant dermatitis include topical tars and phototherapy (ultraviolet B or psoralen plus ultraviolet A). In difficult cases of chronic, irritant hand dermatitis, radiation may be indicated (Goldschmidt and Pan-izzon 1991). Bacterial superinfection may be a complication of contact dermatitis it is treated with topical or systemic antibiotics. Potential irritants, such as irritant cleansing products, must be identified and (whenever possible) eliminated, not only in the workplace but in the home (Frosch 1989). 

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