Exposure types

Gereda JE, Leung DY. Thatayatlkom A. et al Relation between house-dust endotoxin exposure, type 1 T-cell development, and allergen sensitisation in infants at high risk of asthma. 

Mounted screen (general-exposure type) and exposure cassette (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences). 

Source of Exposure Type of Protection Sprinkler Density (Net Rate) Where Applied... 

Omission of relevant stressors, routes of exposure, types of effect... 

Exposure temp = (provide validated parameters) Exposure type = (provide validated parameters) Exposure time = (provide validated parameters) Temp. dev. limit = (provide validated parameters) Drying type = (provide validated parameters)... 

Species common name Scientific name Exposure type Duration (days) BCFa Reference... 

Study no References Subjects type Exposure type... 

Both patients and medical staff are understandably concerned about the health effects of exposure to radiation and radioactive contamination. There are two distinct types of radiation exposure, acute and chronic, and two primary exposure modes, radiation and radioactive contamination. Each exposure type and mode is slightly different and must be treated differently by medical staff (see Table 27.2). In addition, there are concerns about the reproductive effects of radiation exposure. In this section, these concerns will be discussed. 

EXPOSURE TYPE POSSIBLE EFFECTS INITIAL TREATMENT... 

Measuring the resistance to oxidation is one way of establishing oil quality inasmuch as this property determines storage and usage stability. The length of the stability period (viz. the interval between oil production and the oil becoming rancid) depends both on intrinsic features (e.g. the contents in fatty acids and natural antioxidants such as tocopherols and biophenols) and environmental conditions (temperature, light, air exposure, type and material of the container, trace metal content) and the time the oil is exposed to them. 

Choice to Include a PI based on exposure type/rlsk and viral load... 

Following an occupational exposure, it is vital that healthcare workers are cognizant of institutional policies and procedures to allow for the timely and organized collection of data and initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis if indicated. Institutions must have policies and procedures in place to react quickly to occupational exposure to avoid unnecessary delays in therapy. The date and time, details pertaining to the type of activity being performed, nature of the exposure (type, amount, severity, percutaneous, mucous membrane, time of contact, condition of skin), and details about the source (HIV infected, viral load, history of antiretroviral therapy) should be recorded in the healthcare worker s medical record. It is recommended that skin sites or wounds that are contaminated should be washed with soap and water. The use of antiseptics may be considered, but application of caustic substances such as bleach is not recommended, as this would compromise the integrity of the skin barrier. Mucous membranes should be flushed extensively with water. 

Yusho and Yu-Cheng Exposures. Type B hepatic porphyria (i.e., a uroporphyrin/coproporphyrin ratio greater than 1) is a consistent finding in Yu-Cheng patients, including children born to exposed mothers (Chang et al. 1980 Gladen et al. 1988 Hsu et al. 1994 Lu et al. 1980). Abnormal urinary porphyrin levels have rarely been associated with Yusho exposure (Masuda et al. 1994). 

The potential for phytotoxicity from explosives is discussed at length elsewhere in this volume (see Chapter 3). Few studies of the phytotoxicity of these chemicals have been undertaken, and most of these, which are reviewed in Rocheleau et al. [13], were tests of TNT. Concentrations of TNT that reduce shoot or root biomass in crop test plants in the laboratory range from about 0.1 mg kg-1 to >1600 mg kg 1 dry soil [14-17], Phytotoxicity tests with amended soils produced lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values for TNT ranging from 0.1 to 64 mg kg 1 depending on plant species and exposure type used [15] (see Chapter 3). Plant growth was not affected by HMX at concentrations up to approximately 1900 mg kg1 dry forest soil [16], and additional studies suggest that nitroheterocyclic compounds are not as toxic... 

Noncombustible Construction utilizes materials that do not contribute to or propagate fire. These materials may be tested in accordance with a recognized fire test standard when their noncombustible characteristics are not readily evident. Noncombustible materials may lose their strength under conditions of fire or heat exposure. Type II (000)... 

Subjects are normal healthy volunteers living or waking for at least 1 year in their constant macro- and micro-environment. Nine hundred and seventy-seven people were examined, among them there were 140 children. Demographic characteristics of persons are shown in Table 15.1. Donors were distributed into 8 groups, according to the place of their residence, outdoor and indoor exposure types and age. The first Budapest community... 

---