Ultrasonic spray synthesis

Ultrasonic spray synthesis is also identified under the synonyms ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) and ultrasonic spray combustion (USC). In the case liquid droplets are employed for material synthesis (as it is considered here) against the case of spray drying, salt-assisted USP or chemical aerosol flow synthesis (CAFS) have also been used. 

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Thermal treatment synthesis technique of mists formed from ultrasonic atomizer (Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique) Y203-Zr02, NiO, ZnS, BaTi03-SrTi03, MoS2, BiV04 [11-14]... 

Jokanovic, V., Janackovic, Dj., Spasic, A.M., and Uskokovic, D., Synthesis and formation mechanism of ultrafine spherical AI2O3 powders by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Mater. Trans., JIM, 37, 627-635, 1996. 

Park SH, Yoon CS, Kang SG, Kim H-S, Moon S-L Sun Y-K (2004) Synthesis and structural characterization of layered Li[Nii/3Coi/3Mni/3]02 cathode materials by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Electrochim Acta 49 557... 

S. Gurmen, S. Stopic, and B. Friedrich, Synthesis of nanosized spherical cobalt powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis . Materials Research Bulletin, 41, (2006), 1882-1890. 

Huang, Y, K. Deng, Z. Ai, and L. Zhang, Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis synthesis and visible hght activity of carbon-doped TiojiZroc Oj solid solution photocatalysts. Mater. Chem. Phvs. 114 (2009) 235-241. 

A. Nakaruk, G. Kavei, C.C. Sorrell, Synthesis of mixed-phase titania films by low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Mater. Lett. 64, 1365-1368 (2010)... 

Flame spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray combustion represent other methods leading to perovskites with comparable morphologies with those produced by solid-sohd reactions and solution combustion synthesis [23]. 

Stopic, S., Dvorak, P. and Friedrich, B. (2005) Synthesis of spherical nanosized copper powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. World of Metallurgy-Erzmetall, 58,191-7. 

Park SH, Oh SW, Sun YK (2005) Synthesis and stmctmal charactoization of layered Li[Lii/3+xCoi/3Mni/3 2xMoJ02 cathode materials by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Power Sourc 146 622-625... 

Fig 12.4 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis synthesis. Reproduced with permission from [45]. Copyright 2002 Elsevier... 

Zhao C, Krall A, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Li Y (2012) Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis synthesis of AgATi02 nanocomposite photocatalysts for simultaneous H2 production and CO2 reduction. Int J Hydrog Energy 37 9967-9976... 

Structure, composition and electrical properties of YSZ films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis /. Mater. Sci . 42,3,901-907,0022-2461 Scheeren, C. W. Machado, G. Dupont, J. Fichtner, P. F. P. Texeira, S. R. (2003). Nanoscale Pt(0) particles prepared in imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids Synthesis from an organometallic precursor, characterization, and catalytic properties in hydrogenation reactions. Inorg. Chem. 42,15,4738-4742,0020-1669 Singh, P. Katyal, A. Kalra, R. Chandra, R. (2008). Copper nanoperticles in an ionic liquid an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxy-2-oxothiazolyl)methanes. Tetrahedron Lett, 49,4,727-720,0040-4039 SusHck, K S. (1988) Ultrasound , VCH, Weinhein, Germany. 

Many different methods have been reported for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles. The most common processes have been developed to synthesize oxide are chemical solution decomposition (CSD) [97], spray pyrolysis [98], CVD [99-101], two-step wet chemical method [102], sol-gel [103], ultrasonic irradiation [104,105], and ethanol thermal and hydrothermal method [106], Literature revealed that sol-gel is the most commonly used method for the preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles. It facilitates the synthesis of nanometer-sized crystallized metal oxide powder of high purity at a relatively low temperature [103]. 

Metal-organic frameworks can be synthesized with a wide variety of metal cations and a large choice of functionalized organic linkers by use of various synthesis methods, such as solvothermal (hydrothermal), microwave heating, ultrasonic, mechanochemical, electrochemical synthesis, and the spray-drying. However, only the conventional solvothermal (hydrothermal) method is well studied for MOF synthesis. In a typical solvothermal synthesis, both organic and inorganic precursors are dissolved in solvent... 

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