Room temperature ionic liquids synthesis

Malik, C.K., Vaultier, M., and Ghosh, S. (2007) Copper(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of nonconjugated alkenes in room-temperature ionic liquids. Synthesis, 1247-1250. 

M. N., and Dupont, J. 2004. Organoindate room temperature ionic liquid synthesis, physicochemical properties and application. Synthesis 1155-1158. 

C.W. Scheeren, G. Machado, J. Dupont, PEP. Eichtner, S.R. Texeira, Nanoscale Pt(0) particles prepared in imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids synthesis from an organometal-Uc precursor, characterization and catalytic properties in hydrogenation reactions, Inorg. Chem., 42(15), 2003,4738 742... 

Scheeren, C. W. Machado, G. Dupwnt, J. Fichtner, P. F. P. Texeira, S. R. (2003). Nanoscale Pt(0) jjartides paejjared in imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids synthesis from an organometallic paecursor, characterization, and catalytic properties in... 

Structure, composition and electrical properties of YSZ films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis /. Mater. Sci . 42,3,901-907,0022-2461 Scheeren, C. W. Machado, G. Dupont, J. Fichtner, P. F. P. Texeira, S. R. (2003). Nanoscale Pt(0) particles prepared in imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids Synthesis from an organometallic precursor, characterization, and catalytic properties in hydrogenation reactions. Inorg. Chem. 42,15,4738-4742,0020-1669 Singh, P. Katyal, A. Kalra, R. Chandra, R. (2008). Copper nanoperticles in an ionic liquid an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxy-2-oxothiazolyl)methanes. Tetrahedron Lett, 49,4,727-720,0040-4039 SusHck, K S. (1988) Ultrasound , VCH, Weinhein, Germany. 

T. Welton, Room temperature ionic liquids. Solvents for synthesis and catalysis, Chem Rev 99 2071-2083 1999. C.M. Gordon, New developments in catalysis using ionic liquids, Appl. CatalA General 222 101-117 2001. 

Room-temperature ionic liquids, salts with A,A-dialkylimidazolium cations in synthesis and catalysis 99CRV2071. 

However, ionic liquids containing other classes of organic cations are known. Room-temperature ionic liquids containing organic cations including quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium, and - in particular - imidazolium salts are currently available in combination with a variety of anions (Figure 3.1-1 provides some common examples) and have been studied for applications in electrochemistry [7, 8] and in synthesis [9-11]. 

In general, isotopic exchange is both expensive and difficult. In the case of many room-temperature ionic liquids, however, the manufacture of deuterated ionic liquids is relatively easily achievable. For example, the general synthesis of l-allcyl-3-methylimidazolium salts is shown in Scheme 4.1-1 [2]. This methodology allows maximum flexibility in the deuteration on the imidazolium cation that is, it can be either ring or side chain deuteration or both. 

Welton, T., Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis, Chemical Review, Vol. 99, No. (8), 1999,pp.2071-2083. 

Welton, T. (1999) Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis. 

The concept of performing microwave synthesis in room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) as reaction media has been applied to several different organic transformations (Scheme 4.18), such as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions [54], catalytic transfer hydrogenations [55], ring-closing metathesis [56], the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides [57, 58], and several others [59-61],... 

Room-temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) - Synthesis and Applications in Organic Synthesis under the Action of Microwaves... 

The first use of room temperature ionic liquids as potential novel soluble phases for combinatorial synthesis has recently been described. As model reaction the Knoevenagel condensation of salicyl aldehyde grafted on to an imidazolium-derived ionic liquid was studied under the action of microwave irradiation (Scheme 12.19) [66]. Reactions were performed without additional solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst, utilizing microwave irradiation in a designated monomode microwave reac-... 

Wilkes, J. S. Levisky, J. A. Wilson, R. A. Hussey, C. L. DialkylimidazoUum chlor-oaluminate melts—A new class of room-temperature ionic liquids for electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and synthesis, Inorg. Chem., 1982, 21(3), 1263-1264. 

Another study describes the synthesis of /V,/V-dipropyl formamide using the room-temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] and supercritical C02 under biphasic conditions catalyzed by [RuCl2(dppe)2] at 80°C.125... 

Dunach, Inesi and others also investigated the electrochemical synthesis of cyclic carbonates from C02 with epoxides, alcohols and glycols [66]. In this regard, Yang et al. [67] reported the use of pure room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction media in the electrochemical activation of C02 for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from epoxide, under mild conditions. C02-saturated IL (BMIMBF4) solutions were also used for the electrochemical carboxylation of activated olefins [68]. Monocarboxylic acids were obtained in moderate yield (35-55%), and the IL was recycled five times. 

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