Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Thermal treatment synthesis technique of mists formed from ultrasonic atomizer (Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique) Y203-Zr02, NiO, ZnS, BaTi03-SrTi03, MoS2, BiV04 [11-14]... 

Skrabalak SE, Suslick KS (2005) Porous MoS2 synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Am Chem Soc 127 9990-9991... 

Dunkel SS, Helmich RJ, Suslick KS (2009) BiV04 as a visible-light photocatalyst prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Phys Chem C 113 11980-11983... 

Jokanovic, V. Janackovic, D. J. Spasic, R Uskokovic, D. 1999. Modeling of nanostructural design of ultrafine mullite powder particles obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Nanostruct. Mater. 12 349-352. 

Hsu CS and Hwang BH. Microstructure and properties of the La06Sr04Co02Fe08O3 cathodes prepared by electrostatic-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2006 153 A1478-A1483. 

A. Duret, M. Gratzel, Visible light-induced water oxidation on mesoscopic a-Fe203 films made by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 17184-17191. 

Progress with the preparation and characterisation of photoanode thin-.lms (WO3, Fe203), including doping (Ti, Al) using ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis, sputtering or sol-gel - Australia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the USA. 

Polycrystalline lanthanum oxide films on Si(lOO) can be obtained from 0.01 M La-(acac)3 solutions in 50% ethanol by pulse ultrasonic spray pyrolysis . The crystalline size depends on the ratio of the spray pulse time and the time interval between pulses. Pure monoclinic films were produced with 5 s pulses followed by a 10 s interval and a substrate temperature of 550 °C, with a nozzle-to-substrate distance of 6.5 to 7.5 cm. 

In this section various existing lanthanide and actinide metal-organic enolate precursors for rare earth metal oxide deposition are discussed and the rationale of their selection is addressed. CVD, ALD and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) of the lanthanide or actinide enolate starting materials has been carried out under a variety of conditions as can be seen from Table 7. 

Figure 5.15 Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis system [111] (1) container, (2) ultrasonic spray head, (3) flow meter, (4) water-ice bath for reference temperature,...

Fig. 9 Scanning electron micrograph of iron oxide thin films prepared from (a) ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and (b) conventional spray pyrolysis of Fe(acetylacetonate)3 solutions. (Reproduced with permission from [71])...

Li M, Zhao L, Guo L (2010) Preparation and photoelectrochemical study of BiV04 thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 35 7127-7133... 

Z. Bakenov, M. WaMhara and 1. Taniguchi Battery performance of nanostructured lithimn manganese oxide synthesized hy ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at elevated temperature. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 12, 57-62 (2008). 

The morphology and size of particles prepared by the LPSP process are different from those produced by CSP using either an ultrasonic nebulizer or a two-fluid nozzle as atomizers under an atmospheric environment. For example, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles can be formed via the LPSP route whereas, only submicronsized NiO particles are produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis [9]. It is evident that the nanoparticle formation mechanism in the LPSP process is different from that in the CSP process. The calculated particle size based on the ODOP principle is much larger than 100 nm, indicating that the nanoparticles are formed based on one-droplet-to-multiple-particles (ODMP). The reason can be attributed to the difference in operating pressures and aerosol formation mechanisms between the two types of aerosol generators. 

The concept or the basis of spray pyrolysis method assumes that one droplet forms one product particle. To date, submicrometer- to micrometer-sized particles are typically formed in a spray pyrolysis process. A variety of atomization techniques have been used ftn- solution aerosol formation, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, electrospray pyrolysis, low pressure spray pyrolysis using a filter expansion aerosol generator (FEAG), salt-assisted spray pyrolysis, two-fluid pyrolysis method, etc. [15-18]. These atomization methods differ in droplet size, rate of atomization, and... 

Finally, the ultrasonic atomization is shown as a very effective method for generating small droplets. The droplets produced by ultrasonic atomizer are 2-4 p,m, but atomization rate is limited to <2 cm /min. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method is the most convenient method to obtain spherically shaped fine particles. The droplets are formed from feeding solution by means of an ultrasonic oscillator with frequency in the order of several megahertz or shghtly less than 1 MHz [15,27]. 

Jokanovic, V., Spasic, A.M., and Uskokovic, D., Designing of nanostructured hollow TiOi spheres obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 278 (2), 342-352, 2004. 

Jokanovic, V., Jokanovic, B., Nedeljkovic, J., and Milosevic, O., Modeling of nanostructured hollow Ti02 spheres obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Surface Colloid A, 249, Hill 3, 2004. 

Jokanovic, V., Mioc, U.B., and Nedic, Z.P., Nanostructured phosphorous doped mngsten bronzes obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Sol. St. Ionics, submitted for publication. 

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