Ultrafast dynamics systems

Polivka, T. and V. Sundstrom. 2004. Ultrafast dynamics of carotenoid excited states—From solution to natural and artificial systems. Chem. Rev. 104 2021-2071. 

Dermota TE, Zhong Q, Castleman AW (2004) Ultrafast dynamics in cluster systems. Chem Rev 104 1861-1886... 

Tamai N, Miyasaka H (2000) Ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems. Chem Rev 100 1875-1890... 

Fluorescence anisotropy is generally used to provide information about the dipolar orientational dynamics occurring after excitation of a system. This technique has successfully been used to probe ultrafast dynamics of energy transfer in organic conjugated dendrimers. The detected emission intensities Tar and Ter for parallel and perpendicularly polarized excitation respectively, were used to construct an observable emission anisotropy R(t) in accordance with the equation [121] ... 

To conclude, the results presented in this section demonstrate that the semiclassical implementation of the mapping approach is able to describe rather well the ultrafast dynamics of the nonadiabatic systems considered. In particular, it is capable of describing the correct relaxation dynamics of the autocorrelation function as well as the structures of the absorption spectrum of... 

In Refs. [55, 79], the truncation at the level of Heg has been tested for several molecular systems exhibiting an ultrafast dynamics at Coin s, and it was found that this approximation can give remarkably good results in reproducing the short-time dynamics. This is especially the case if a system-bath perspective is appropriate, and the effective-mode transformation is only applied to a set of weakly coupled bath modes [55,72]. In that case, the system Hamiltonian can take a more complicated form than given by the LVC model. 

Since many of these developments reach into the molecular domain, the understanding of nano-structured functional materials equally necessitates fundamental aspects of molecular physics, chemistry, and biology. The elementary energy and charge transfer processes bear much similarity to the molecular phenomena that have been revealed in unprecedented detail by ultrafast optical spectroscopies. Indeed, these spectroscopies, which were initially developed and applied for the study of small molecular species, have already evolved into an invaluable tool to monitor ultrafast dynamics in complex biological and materials systems. The molecular-level phenomena in question are often of intrinsically quantum mechanical character, and involve tunneling, non-Born-Oppenheimer effects, and quantum-mechanical phase coherence. Many of the advances that were made over recent years in the understanding of complex molecular systems can therefore be transposed and extended to the study of... 

Ultrafast spectroscopic approaches are increasingly being applied to imaging in terms of both nonlinear imaging and dynamics. This is driven partially by the improvement in and ease of use of ultrafast laser systems and detectors. It is not possible to review all of the methods currently under development, but several examples are given below. 

In this section, the density matrix method shall be applied to study the ultrafast dynamics of the system embedded in a heat bath. Due to the use of the ultrashort pulse in the pumping lasers the dynamic behaviors of both population and coherence have to be considered [1,19-21],... 

The examples of applications given in the latter part of this chapter will show that even at the present state of the art and technology, many solvated ions could be treated with sufficient quality to obtain reliable results not only for structural details and species distributions, but also for the aforementioned ultrafast dynamical processes determining the chemical behaviour of such solvates. On the other hand, the latest improvements of the simulation methodology have opened a straightforward access to the treatment of other arbitrary solvated systems as computational capabilities increase. Therefore, simulation methods are not only becoming a valuable research field of their own, but also an essential supplement - if not prerequisite -for the interpretation of experimental investigations of solvates. 

Lin Y, Jonah CD (1994) In Simon JD (ed) Ultrafast dynamics of chemical systems, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 137... 

The majority of ultrafast instruments have employed electronic absorption spectrometry for determining the ultrafast dynamic properties of the systems of interest. However, in recent years some investigators have successfully turned their attention... 

Y. Gauduel, in Ultrafast Dynamics of Chemical Systems (Ed. J. D. Simon), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1994, p. 81. 

In the experimental realm, picosecond and femtosecond experiments contribute to the understanding of isomerization. A review of the ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems appeared in 2000. A study of the photochemistry of E-azobenzene on excitation of the S2 state [ (71,71 )] was... 

Inouye. H.. Tanaka, K., Tanahashi, I., Hirao, K. Ultrafast dynamics of nonequihbrium electrons in a gold nanoparticles system. Phys. Rev. B 57, 11334—11340 (1998)... 

Simon, J. D. Ultrafast Dynamics of Chemical Systems, Kluwer Academic Publisher Dordrecht, 1994 Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 128. 

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