U.S. National Bureau of Standards

EPA.INIH Mass Spectral Data Base, Vol. 1, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Wasliiagton, D.C., 1978, p. 5. 

W. T. Ziegler, G. N. Brown, and J. D. Garber, Calculation of the Hapor Pressure and Heats ofHapori ation and Sublimation ofdquids and Solids Pelow One Htmosphere Pressure. IX. Neon, Tech. Report No. 1, Contract No. CST-7973, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colo., 1970. 

D. R. Stull and H. Prophet, project dinectots, JMNMF Thermochemical Tables, 2nd ed.. National Standards Reference Data Series, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, No. 37, June 1971, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Supetintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 

In 1901, the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) - now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - was founded because of the increasing demand for various kinds of standards in the rapidly developing engineering industries. The early history of the NBS reference material program started in 1905 with a cooperative effort within the iron and steel industry whereby industrial analysts helped characterize the individual reference materials. Cooperation with NBS was recognized as a mark of achievement for the laboratory, so this effort served a dual purpose. It both helped the laboratory develop its measurement skills and also helped NIST understand the meastuement problems associated with a given matrix. 

U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, JANAF Thermo chemical Tables, 2nd Ed., NSRDS-NBS 37 (1975). 

The experiments were carried out on high purity aluminium from different producers (Table I) and Al-Ga alloys. The impurity concentration in the used materials was determined by glow discharge mass-spectrometry. The total impurity content in pure aluminium (0.4 - 7.7 ppm) was defined as the sum of the concentration of all found elements.The residual resistivity ratio RRR=p(273K)/p(4.2K) of the materials was measuredby the method prescribed by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. 

Since this is independent of pH, it is simply a horizontal line at the lower left of Fig. 15.3. The value of E° used in Eq. 15.52 is somewhat more negative than the widely cited —0.409 V derived from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) thermodynamic data tables (cf. Appendix C). In fact, since various values between —0.409 and —0.475 V have been reported by experienced experimentalists using several different methods, the value selected here is intended to be a conservative compromise.8 The moral is that one should not place blind faith in tabulated data, even from the most authoritative sources. 

In sample 3, which was only sent to certain laboratories, the results may be somewhat clearer. This sample is a standard reference material from the U. S. National Bureau of Standards (SRM 124c). It is an ounce metal with a nominal composition of 85-5-5-5—that is, 85% Cu and 5%... 

Patterson, C. C. Settle, D. M. In Accuracy in Trace Analysis Sampling, Sample Handling, and Analysis LaFleur, P. D., Ed. U.S. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 422, 1976 pp 321-351. 

COULOMETER. Also known as cnulombmeier, a device for the measurement of electric currem. Originally developed (1916) by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, the silver coulometer consists of a small platinum vessel, acting as the cathode, into which a pure silver anode is immersed. An aqueous solution of silver nitrate (15% AgNO<. wl) of very high purity is used as the electrolyte, In use. both the quantity of silver deposited and the lime are carefully noted. These measurements permit a calculation of the average currcnl strength. 

Bean, H. S., Buckingham, E., and Murphy, P. S., Discharge Coefficients of Square-Edged Orifices for Measuring the Flow of Air, U.S. National Bureau of Standards Research Paper 49, ASME Fluid Meters Report, 1931. 

Buckingham, Edgar, U.S. National Bureau of Standards Research Paper 459. 

The technique of activation analysis evolved from the work of Hevesy and Levi in 1936 on the reactions of neutrons with rare earth elements 1>. The technique was not widely used until 1950, when a period of rapid growth in the number of applications started. The literature in the field today approaches 4000 publications and monographs, including nearly 600 contributions in 1967 alone. An excellent bibliography cross-indexed by author, element determined, matrix analyzed and technique used has been recently published by the U. S. National Bureau of Standards 2>. 

Often there are cases where the submodels are poorly known or misunderstood, such as for chemical rate equations, thermochemical data, or transport coefficients. A typical example is shown in Figure 1 which was provided by David Garvin at the U. S. National Bureau of Standards. The figure shows the rate constant at 300°K for the reaction HO + O3 - HO2 + Oj as a function of the year of the measurement. We note with amusement and chagrin that if we were modelling a kinetics scheme which incorporated this reaction before 1970, the rate would be uncertain by five orders of magnitude As shown most clearly by the pair of rate constant values which have an equal upper bound and lower bound, a sensitivity analysis using such poorly defined rate constants would be useless. Yet this case is not atypical of the uncertainty in rate constants for many major reactions in combustion processes. 

Supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Contribution of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards not subject to U.S. Copyright. 

The authors thank the U.S. National Bureau of Standards for a research grant (G-51) under the Special International Programme, and the staff of the IIT Computer Center. 

U.S. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, BIOLOGICAL MATRIX STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION... 

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