U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : air-quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Air Quality Criteria for Lead," EPA 600/8-S.3-018F. Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1986. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air Quality Criteria for Lead (Final). EPA Washington, DC, 2006. http //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm deid=158823... 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality Criteria for Lead, USA 1977. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) http //www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html (accessed October 13,2010). The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) http //www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/ (accessed October 15, 2010) has set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six principal pollutants (ground level ozone, lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and respirable particulate matter), which are called criteria pollutants. 

Air Quality Criteria for Oxone and Other Photochemical Oxidants, PubUcation No. EPA-600-8-84-020F, 5 vols., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1986. EPA pubUshes separate criteria documents for aU the criteria poUutants and they are updated about every five years. 

For an excellent, comprehensive review of the chemistry, environmental, and anthropogenic release, environmental fate, and environmental and human health effects of lead, see Air Quality Criteria for Eead, Vol. I—IV, EPA-600/8-83/028a-dF, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., June 1986, -Msd Air Quality Criteria for Eead Supplement to the 1986 Addendum, EPA-600/8-89/049F, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Aug. 1990. 

Air quality indexes have been devised for categorizing the air quality measurements of several individual pollutants by one composite number. The index used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is called the Pollutant Standards Index (PSl) (Table 4-6). 

Fig. 10-1. Factors determining visibilitv in the atmosphere. Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 450/5-79-008. Office of. Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research 1 riangle Park, NC, 1979.

Describe the rationale for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s establishment of a standard reference method for measurement of National Ambient Air Quality Standard air pollutants. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for protection of human health and welfare. These standards are defined in terms of concentration and hme span for a specific pollutant for example, the NAAQS for carbon monoxide is 9 ppmV for 8 hr, not to be exceeded more than once per year. For a state or local government to establish compliance with a National Ambient Air Quality Standard, measurements of the actual air quality must be made. To obtain these measurements, state and local governments have established stationary monitoring networks with instrumentation complying with federal specifications, as discussed in Chapter 14. The results of these measurements determine whether a given location is violating the air quality standard. 

Lurmann, F., Godden, D., Lloyd, A. C., and Nordsieck, R. A., "ALagrangian Photochemical Air Quality Simulation Model." Vol. I, "Model Formulation" Vol. II, "User s Manual." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pub. EPA-600/8-79-015a,b. Research Triangle Park, NC, 1979. 

Erode, R. W., Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources. EPA- 450/4-88-010. U. S. Environmental Protection Agenc), Research Triangle Park, NC. 1988. 

For any pollutant, air quality criteria may refer to different types of effects. For example. Tables 22-1 through 22-6 list effects on humans, animals, vegetation, materials, and the atmosphere caused by various exposures to sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. These data are from fhe Air Quality Criteria for these pollutants published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Sources Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides, final draft, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, December 1981 Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Oxides Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information, Draft OAQPS Staff Paper, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 1982. 

Nazaroff, W. W., and Teichmann, K., Indoor radon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 774-782 (1990). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, "The Inside Story A Guide to Indoor Air Quality." EPA/400/1-88/004, September 1988. 

Marin, W, and Stem, A. C., "The World s Air Quality Management Standards," Vol. I, "Air Quality Management Standards of the World," Vol. II, "Air Quality Management Standards of the United States." Pub. EPA 65019-75-001/002, Miscellaneous Series. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1974. 

---