Two stages of conversion

In the double-catalysis plant a major portion of the sulfur trioxide is removed from the gas in an intermediate absorption tower after the second stage of conversion. The balance of the gas, which is returned to the converter for the final two stages of conversion, is a very weak sulfur dioxide gas with a high oxygen-to-sulfur dioxide ratio. The equilibrium conditions for this gas leaving the converter are very close to 100% conversion of the total sulfur dioxide entering the converter. In steady state operation, which is not possible with copper converter gas, over 99.8% conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide is expected in double-catalysis plants. 

Bi-Gas process A high-pressure operation for the conversion of solid fuel into substitute natural gas (SNG) using two stages of gasification. 

CO conversion is carried out over chromium-promoted iron oxide catalyst employing two stages of catalytic conversion the plant also incorporates a saturator and desaturator operating with a hot water circuit. 

A CSTR battery has two stages of 25 cuft each. The reaction, A + B Products, is performed there, with Ca0 = 1.5, Cb0 = 2.25 lbmol/cuft and k 0.08 cuft/lbmol-min. Find the allowable charge rate for 80% conversion of A. Ca2 = 0.2Ca0 =0.3... 

An alternative view is that an enzyme denatures in two stages reversible conversion of active native enzyme (N) to an inactive unfolded state (U), followed by irreversible conversion to inactivated enzyme (T) ... 

Fig. 18.28. Two-staged, partial-conversion hydro cracking process.25 (Copyright 1999 by Gulf Publishing Co. and reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. All rights reserved.)...

The first situation concerns two stages of a typical commercial adiabatic reactor. The principles of calculating the conversion in an adiabatic reactor were covered earlier and illustrated in Section 8.3, so will not be presented here but as a problem at the end of the chapter. The second case. concerns a reactor with the catalyst in tubes, with the walls cooled byia constant-temperature boiling hquid. Calculations for this system are presented in detail below. 

Preparation of alicyclic hydrocarbons from other aliphatic compounds generally involves two stages (a) conversion of some open-chain compound or... 

The first two stages of catabolism result in the conversion of fats and carbohydrates into acetyl groups that are bonded throi h a thiol ester link to coenzyme A. These acetyl groups now enter the third stage of catabolism— the citric acid cycle, also called the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or Krebs. cycle. The steps of the citric acid cycle are given in Figure 29.6. ... 

The nitrification step involves two stages 1) conversion of ammonia to nitrites (NO ) by nitrosomonas, and 2) oxidation of nitrites to nitrates (NO3) by nitrobacter. 

General Synthesis Scheme. A schematic diagram of a plant producing synthetic liquid fuels and chemicals from coal via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is shown in Fig. 11-3. Gasification of coal with steam and oxygen is followed by a purification step to eliminate solids, sulfur compounds, and most of the carbon dioxide. Two stages of synthesis are employed to attain a high conversion of the synthesis gas. Recovery and treatment of primary... 

In plant seeds, glycerolipids can be synthesized in two similar pathways, which are known as prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These pathways are localized in different subcellular compartments and are characterized by a similar two-stage enzymatic conversion of 5 n-glycero-3-phosphate (G3P) into phosphatidic acid (PA), but different further conversions of PA into structural, storage, or signaling lipids [65]. Despite the closeness of these two biosynthetic pathways, enzymes that catalyze acylation reactions are unique to each system. 

An RMM scheme based on the two stages of reaction and separation is shown in Fig. 13.2. A mixture of natural gas and steam is sent to the first reactor, where it is partially converted into the products. The stream produced is cooled prior to being routed to the membrane module, where hydrogen is recovered and retentate is sent onto the next step. It is possible to replicate the reaction-separation steps until the desired natural gas conversion is achieved. In the following section, results obtained from a RMM Tecnimont KT industrial pilot plant, based on two stage reaction and separation, will be reported and discussed. 

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