Twice definition

A/i the dissociation or bond energy of hydrogen (it is also, by definition, twice the enthalpy of atomisation two gram atoms being produced). 

Suspend the crude hydrochloride in some water in a separating-funnel and add 20% sodium hydroxide solution until the mixture is definitely alkaline and the crude phenylhydrazine base floats as a deep red oil on the surface. Now extract the phenylhydrazine twice with benzene (using about 30 ml. of benzene on each occasion) and dry the united benzene extracts with powdered... 

This energy measure is equal to Brode s definition of the energy, multiplied by a factor 2. The reason for the multiplication is that the Brode definition applies to free-air burst, while Eq. (6.3.15) is for a surface burst. In a fiee-air burst, explosion energy is spread over twice the volume of air. 

The direct synthetic process is described in U.S. Patent 2,772,280. A solution of 73.3 g (0.332 mol) of (3-aminoxyalanine ethyl ester dihydrochloride in 100 ml of water was stirred in a 500 ml 3-necked round-bottomed flask cooled in an ice-bath. To the above solution was added over a 30-minute period 65.6 g (1.17 mols) of potassium hydroxide dissolved in 100 ml of water. While the pH of the reaction mixture was 7 to 10.5, a red color appeared which disappeared when the pH reached 11 to 11.5. The light yellow solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 14 hour and then added to 1,800 ml of 1 1 ethanol-isopropanol. The reaction flask was washed twice with 10 ml portions of water and the washings added to the alcohol solution. The precipitated salts were filtered out of the alcohol solution and the filtrate cooled to 5°C in a 5 liter 3-necked round-bottomed flask. To the cold, well-stirred solution was added dropwise over a 35-minute period sufficient glacial acetic acid to bring the pH of the alcohol solution to 6.0. When the pH of the solution had reached 7 to 7.5, the solution was seeded and no further acetic acid added until Crystallization of the oil already precipitated had definitely begun. The crystalline precipitate was collected on a filter, washed twice with 1 1 ethanol-isopropanol and twice with ether. The yield of 4-amino-3-isoxazolidone was 22.7 g. 

For each EA spectrum, the transmission T was measured with the mechanical chopper in place and the electric field off. The differential transmission AT was subsequently measured without the chopper, with the electric field on, and with the lock-in amplifier set to detect signals at twice the electric-field modulation frequency. The 2/ dependency of the EA signal is due to the quadratic nature of EA in materials with definite parity. AT was then normalized to AT/T, which was free of the spectral response function. To a good approximation [18], the EA signal is related to the imaginary part of the optical third-order susceptibility ... 

The detection limit is another value which is often quoted, and this may be defined in a variety of ways. The most widely accepted definition is that the detection limit is the smallest concentration of a solution of an element that can be detected with 95 per cent certainty. This is the quantity of the element that gives a reading equal to twice the standard deviation of a series of at least ten determinations taken with solutions of concentrations which are close to the level of the blank. 

A dummy argument or a function name appears twice in a subprogram definition statement. 

DEFINITION A scheme P is liberal if for each free interpretation I, the computation (P,I,X) never computes the sane member of U(P) twice, i.e., never... 

DEFINITION A recursion scheme S is free if for every free interpretation I and every m-place test T in S, T is never applied twice to the same m-tuple (t-, ...,t ) of members of U(S) during the computation (S,I, X). ... 

Another pertinent observation is the fact that the reaction proceeded twice as fast in -butyraldehyde (polar) as in benzene (nonpolar), even though the catalyst concentration was reduced to only one-third the comparable level. A graphic illustration of this effect is given in Fig. 9. The rate of gas uptake is plotted as a function of time for a reaction conducted in benzene and again for a second reaction conducted in butyraldehyde. The rate of reaction in the polar solvent was initially fast and decreased with time. The rate in the nonpolar benzene was initially slow, became faster as the solvent became more polar with the presence of product aldehyde, and then subsequently diminished with time. When the data were replotted as the log of unreacted olefin vs. time, the polar medium reaction showed first-order dependence on olefin concentration, whereas the nonpolar solvent reaction showed no definite order, owing to the constantly changing polarity. 

Quantification of the limits of detection (LOD), or minimum detectable levels (MDL statistically defined in Section 13.4), is an important part of any analysis. They are used to describe the smallest concentration of each element which can be determined, and will vary from element to element, from matrix to matrix, and from day to day. Any element in a sample which has a value below, or similar to, the limits of detection should be excluded from subsequent interpretation. A generally accepted definition of detection limit is the concentration equal to a signal of twice (95% confidence level) or three times (99% confidence) the standard deviation of the signal produced by the background noise at the position of the peak. In practice, detection limits in ICP-MS are usually based on ten runs of a matrix matched blank and a standard. In this case ... 

The minimum detectable level, or detection limit, is defined as that concentration of a particular element which produces an analytical signal equal to twice the square root of the background above the background. It is a statistically defined term, and is a measure of the lower limit of detection for any element in the analytical process. (This definition corresponds to the 95% confidence interval, which is adequate for most purposes, but higher levels, such as 99% can be defined by using a multiplier of three rather than two.) It will vary from element to element, from machine to machine, and from day to day. It should be calculated explicitly for every element each time an analysis is performed. 

The kernel K(x,x — y) must satisfy this constraint for any integrable function (p. This is just the definition of the Dirac delta function K(x, x — y) = S(x — y). Note that, in this limit, the kernel function is equivalent to the filter function used in LES. As is well known in LES, filtering a function twice leads to different results unless the integral condition given above is satisfied. 

It was also revealed that when drugs were designed as novel mechanisms of action, they incurred twice the failure rate. In cases where the objective endpoints were less definitive, there were 10% more failures. When considered together—a novel mechanism and less objective endpoints—a 70% failure rate was experienced. 

It was a hue shock to Astrid and myself when we learned last Sunday night that Hitoshi has passed away. This is a tremendous loss for our whole community. As yon correctly state, we had seen him in Tokyo twice, namely at October 12 and 13, when he attended both of my lectures. He was in good mood and spirit and we had in fact intense scientific discnssions about the chelate effect and this continued until November 3, when he sent me his last mail. We all definitely lost a veiy dear friend. Of conrse, Astrid and I have immediately written to his wife Ei... and as you say, at this time we can only pray for his sonl. 

After the hydrogenation has definitely finished the final reading of the hydrogen pressure is recorded and the excess of hydrogen is carefully bled off by opening the valve B. Only then is the bomb disconnected. The contents are filtered, the bomb is rinsed once or twice with the solvent. 

---