Modulation electric field

Figure 7. Lissajous patterns representing a polarization modulated electric field over time, viewed in the plane of incidence, resulting from the two orthogonal s and p fields, which are out of phase by the following degrees 0, 21, 42, 64, 85, 106, 127, 148, 169 (top row) 191, 212, 233, 254, 275, 296, 318, 339, 360 (bottom row). In these Lissajous patterns the plane polarizations are represented at 45° to the axes. In this example, there is a simple constant rate polarization with no rotation modulation. This is an SO(3) Q (a>, 8) in C representation over 2n, not an SU(2) <2 (t /, %) in C over it.

Vance, F.W., Karki, L., Reigle, J.K., Hupp, J.T., Ratner, M.A. Aspects of intervalence charge transfer in cyanide-bridged systems modulated electric field assessment of distances, polarizability changes, and anticipated first hypeipolarizability characteristics. J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 8320-8324 (1998)... 

E J. Taylor, C. Zhou, and J. Sun, Electrodeposition of Metals in Small Recesses for Manufacture of High Density Interconnects Using Modulated Electric Field", filing date, 29 January, 1999... 

Yan DG, Yang C, Miao JM, Lam YC, Huang XY (2009) Enhancement of electrokinetically driven microfluidic T-mixer using frequency modulated electric field and channel geometry effects. Electrophoresis 30(18) 3144-3152... 

A number of methods have been used to measure the EO coefficients and ni of the poled polymer samples. These EO measurements are made by detecting the change in refractive index of the poled polymer sample when a modulating electric field is applied to the sample. Mach-Zehnder [42,43]. Fabry-Perot [44,45], and Mich-elson [46] interferometric techniques have been used to evaluate the EO coefficients. Other techniques, such as an attenuated total reflection technique [47,48] and an ellipsometric technique [49-51], have also been employed to determine the r coefficients. 

ColvinVL, Cunningham K L and Alivisatos A P 1994 Electric field modulation studies of optical absorption in CdSe nanocrystals dipolar character of the excited state J. Chem. Phys. 101 7122... 

Materials for Electrooptic Modulation. The fundamental phenomenon of Pockel s effect is a phase change, A( ), of a light beam in response to a low frequency electric field of voltage, V. Relevant relationships for coUinear electrical and optical field propagation are as foUows (1 6) ... 

In an electrooptic material the phase retardation angle is controlled by altering birefringence, which is in turn controlled by the potential of an apphed electric field. An electrooptic device thus acts as a variable phase optical retardation plate, and can be used to modulate the wavelength or intensity of an incident beam. 

For characterization purposes the most useful form of external modulation is electromodulation, because it provides the sharpest structure (third derivative of R in bulk or thin films) and is sensitive to surface or interface electric fields. The most widely used contacdess mode of electromodulation is termed Photoreflectance (PR) 5.7.8... 

---