Turbines compressors

Odor. Odor is excluded in military appHcations and in the four grades specified for human breathing. The gas is tested by smelling a flowing stream or by smelling a beaker from which a Hquid sample has just evaporated. Oxygen that is produced in modem ASUs employing turbine compressors or nonlubricated piston machines is odorless. 

Figure 4-29. 360-t/d packaged unit—top foundation plate 13 m long, 3.6 m wide, 0.93 m high. The oil system is situated at the front end, followed by the steam turbine, compressor, and expander. The oil coolers are located separately. 

In the case of the actual cycle the effect of the turbine compressor (rjc), and expander (rjt) efficiencies must also be taken into account, to obtain the overall cycle efficiency between the firing temperature Tf and the ambient temperature Tamb of the turbine. This relationship is given in the following equation ... 

Injection of Water or Steam at the Gas Turbine Compressor Exit. Steam injection or water injection has been often used to augment the power generated from the turbine as seen in Figure 2-42. Steam can be generated from the exhaust gases of the gas turbine. The HRSG for such a unit is very elementary as the pressures are low. This technique augments power and also increases the turbine efficiency. The amount of steam is limited to about... 

The concept of injecting humidified and heated compressed air just after the gas turbine compressor is another very interesting way to increase power and efficiency. In this system, compressed air is added to the compressed discharge air. The compressed air is about 5% of the main gas turbine air and this air after it has been compressed using an external compressor is then injected into an air saturation device where steam obtained from the HRSG unit is then injected into the device to saturate the air with water and the saturated air then is further heated in the HRSG before it is injected into the compressor discharge of the gas turbine. 

The rule of thumb for a multiple stage gas turbine compressor would be that the energy rise per stage would be constant, rather than the commonly... 

The turbine temperature, flow, and speed increases in a very short time of about three to five minutes to the full rated parameters. There is usually a short period of time where the temperature may overshoot. If supplementary firing or steam injection for power augmentation is part of the plant system, these should be turned on only after the gas turbine has reached full flow. The injection of steam for power augmentation, if done before full load, could cause the gas turbine compressor to surge. 

Figure 20-11. Gas turbine compressor efficiency as a function of temperature ioad.

The work produced by the gasifier turbine (fFgt) is equal to the gas turbine compressor work (fFJ ... 

Dr. Boyce has authored more than 100 technical papers and reports on Gas Turbines, Compressors Pumps, Fluid Mechanics, and TurboMachinery. He is a Fellow of the ASME, and the Institute of Diesel and Gas Turbine Engineers, U.K., and member of SAE, NSPE and several other professional and honorary societies. He is also a registered professional engineer in Texas. 

By far, the largest application of the axial compressor is the aircraft jet engine. The second most common usage is the land-based gas turbine, either the aircraft derivative or generic designed type. In last place of the applications comes the process axial compressor. All principles of operation are exactly the same. About the most obvious difference is that the gas turbine compressor is a higher pressure ratio machine and therefore has more stages. 

Purchase price of equipment turbine, compressor, auxiliary equipment, and heat recovery equipment, if desired. 

Of the gas turbine-compressor combinations previously mentioned, gas turbines are by far the most frequently used as drivers for centrifugal compressors. Next in use would be axial compressors and, on occasion, the gas turbine is used as a driver for the larger screw compressors. There... 

Gas turbine frame sizes are limited, and custom sizing is not done as it is with steam turbines therefore, the increment matching can only be done with a helper turbine. There is some benefit besides the power matching when used with a single-shaft turbine. The steam turbine can be used as the starter. For two-shaft turbines, a dedicated starter is needed on the gasifier turbine compressor package. 

Yahia, S. M. Turbines, compressors and fans. New York McGraw-Hill, 1.9.90. 

The emerging gas, now containing only 0.25% CH4, is cooled in heat exchangers which generate high-pressure steam for use first in the turbine compressors and then as a reactant in the primary steam reformer. Next, the CO is converted to CO2 by the shift reaction which also produces more H2 ... 

For an open. sysiem at steady state, as in the case of turbines, compressors, pumps, etc.. Equation 2-109 can be written (for unit mass flow rate) as... 

Unit Gas Turbine Compressor Section Turbine Section ... 

Combined Brayton-Rankine Cycle The combined Brayton-Rankine cycle. Figure 9-14, again shows the gas turbine compressor for the air flow to the cell. This flow passes through a heat exchanger in direct contact with the cell it removes the heat produced in cell operation and maintains cell operation at constant temperature. The air and fuel streams then pass into the cathode and anode compartments of the fuel cell. The separate streams leaving the cell enter the combustor and then the gas turbine. The turbine exhaust flows to the heat recovery steam generator and then to the stack. The steam produced drives the steam turbine. It is then condensed and pumped back to the steam generator. 

The performance of a SOFC system with a Brayton-Rankine bottoming cycle for heat and fuel recovery has been calculated. Gas turbine compressor and expander efficiencies of 83% and 89% and a steam turbine efficiency of 90% have been assumed. 

Find the temperature at the exit of the compressor T ), the temperature at the exit of the gas generator turbine (T4), the temperature at the exit of the power turbine compressor work required per unit... 

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