Tumor cells nanoparticles

Nanotechnology has led to very efficient versions of liposomes. Tiny hollow spheres only nanometers in diameter hold even tinier capsules of medicine. The spheres are made of silica covered with gold nanoparticles and when they are coated with antibodies they attach to tumor cells. The spheres are sensitive to light of specific wavelengths and when the light is applied, either heat up and destroy the tumor, or burst, releasing the drugs within the capsules directly into the tumor. 

Solbrig CM, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Cody V et al (2007) Polymer nanoparticles for immunotherapy from encapsulated tumor-associated antigens and whole tumor cells. Mol Pharm 4 47-57... 

Nanoparticles such as those of the heavy metals, like cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, and cadmium telluride are potentially toxic [14,15]. The possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles cause toxicity inside cells are schematically shown in Fig. 2. They need to be coated or capped with low toxicity or nontoxic organic molecules or polymers (e.g., PEG) or with inorganic layers (e.g., ZnS and silica) for most of the biomedical applications. In fact, many biomedical imaging and detection applications of QDs encapsulated by complex molecules do not exhibit noticeable toxic effects [16]. One report shows that the tumor cells labeled with QDs survived in circulation and extravasated into tissues... 

Soma, C. E., C. Dubernet, et al. (1999). Ability of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cells after their capture by macrophages. Pharm Res 16(11) 1710-6. 

Oppenheim RC, Stewart NF (1979) The manufacture and tumor cell uptake of nanoparticles labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 5(6) 563-572... 

Transferrin-containing CD polymer-based nanoparticles were studied as nucleic acid delivery system that can be modified for targeted delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to cancer cells. Molecular studies showed that the siRNA CD nanoparticles reduced levels of Ewing s transcript by 80% and inhibited growth of cultured Ewing s tumor cell line. It was also reported that this delivery system indicated a lack of toxicity [39],... 

The vitamins folate (vitamin B9) (56, 57) and cobalmin (vitamin B12) (58) have been investigated as vehicles for delivery of impermeable molecnles into cells. By binding with high affinity (Kd 10 ° M) to folate receptors, folate-linked drugs, radiopharmaceuticals, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles can become internalized by RME. Similarly, transcobalamin receptors bind and promote the endocytosis of cobalamin and cobalamin conjn-gates complexed to solnble transcobalamin (59). This approach has been used to target selectively tumor cells that overexpress these receptors. 

Carbon magnetic nanoparticles 40-50 nm overexpressed by a variety of tumor cells For drug delivery and targeted cell destruction... 

A common approach to increase the cellular uptake (internalization) is through receptor-mediated endocytosis by decorating nanoparticles with ligands that bind the receptors on tumor cells. The main challenge in this approach is to make these ligands selective for tumor cells and avoid healthy cells that may express the same... 

Antiproliferation of Encapsulated Nanoparticles Cell Viability IC50 Toward Seven Tumor Cell Lines (pg/mL)... 

Although the optimal size of nanoparticles that accumulate in a tumor by the EPR effect is unknown, studies that have used liposomes and nanoparticles have reported that the cutoff size of the pores in tumor vessels is 200 nm-1.2 pm [84]. A tumor-dependent pore cutoff size of 200 nm-2 pm was proven by direct observation of tumor vasculature [100, 101]. These results suggest that drug-loaded nanosized carriers accumulate in malignant tumor cells [102]. 

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