Cutting devices

Excimer lasers emit ultraviolet light that can vaporize solid substances like semiconductor surfaces and pol TTiers, making it possible for such a laser to serve as a cutting device. Laser light can be focused to very small areas, so an excimer laser can perform very delicate cutting tasks. 

A short-cut device exists for evaluating the trace of such representation matrices (that is, for computing the characters). The diagonal elements of the representation matrices... 

Chapter H2 describes the measurement of textural properties of solid-like foods. The first unit in that chapter, unit H2.i, describes a general procedure commonly used to evaluate the texture of solid foods. This method involves the compression of the food material between two parallel plates. There are a number of empirical textural parameters which can be evaluated with this technique. Simple compressive measurements do not provide a complete textural picture of some foods untthi.i presents variations to the parallel plate compression method with the use of special fixtures. For example the use of a puncture probe or a wire cutting device provide data that may relate more directly to the consumer s evaluation of texture for products like apples and cheese, unit m.3 describes a general protocol for the evaluation of a number of sensory texture parameters. This protocol is... 

Razor blades, cork borer, wire cutting device... 

Wire cutting device (sectilometer single- or multiwire)... 

Place the specimen on the two metal parts of the lower portion of the Wamer-Bratzler fixture or the Kramer shear cell and fill the lower fixture to about half capacity. In the case of a wire cutting device, place the specimen on the lower plate. 

For radioactivity measurements, in the range 3-5% acrylamide with 0.5% agarose, the gels are most easily sectioned by slicing segments with a microtome. The sections are then transferred one at a time from the cutting device to vials for liquid scintillation counting. 

After the orientation of a crystal has been determined by the Laue method, it is sometimes necessary to cut the crystal along some selected plane. A more massive goniometer-holder than that of Fig. 5-7 is then required such a holder can be rentoved from the track of the Laue camera and transferred to a similar track on the cutting device without disturbing the orientation of the crystal. 

Figure 89. Evolution of the exhaust gas temperature in front of the catalyst (Tl) and behind the catalyst (T7), as well as the solids temperature at different positions inside a monolithic three-way catalyst (T2-T6) as a function of the time at deceleration of a vehicle equipped with a gasoline engine without a fuel-cut device. Deceleration stars at time zero. Adapted from [52]...

If the material to be extruded is very moist and/or sticky the cutting device would lump the strands into globs of wet material and the discharge plate with wiper bar would further aggravate this situation. A special design is available in which the main shaft is driven from the top. Then, the wet strands fall directly into a dryer or on a belt, thus minimizing aggregation (Fig. 8.60). 

Fig. 8.69 is a view into the open housing of an Extrud-O-Mix showing the different parts. At the end of the barrel a final die plate is located through which the completely processed material is extruded into pellets with various shapes and sizes. A cutting device may be used to control the length of the product particles. Normally, extrudates are cylindrical with diameters between 0.5 and 6 mm. Several equipment sizes are offered with capacities ranging from approx. 350 kg/h to 4.5 t/h and drive power ratings from 7.5 to 100 kW. 

Special extrusion tools may be necessary to feed the mass to the orifice(s.) Orifice dimensions define resistive force and cross section of extrudate. Orifice design must enable flow and assist in pressure release at discharge. Cutting devices may be necessary or desirable to divide strand into pellets. Drive must be capable of sustaining mixing, conditioning and extrusion. Individual process steps may be carried out in-line in separate equipment. 

The principle of plasma cutting involves the constriction of an arc formed between an electrode (cathode) and a workpiece by a fine-bore copper nozzle. A schematic of the plasma cutting device is shown in Fig. 7-103. Restricting the opening through which plasma gas passes increases the jet velocity and heat flux to the workpiece. Plasma temperatures in... 

Chipper A machine which reduces logs and tree length wood to small chips by means of a rapidly rotating drum or disc, carrying a series of blades. The chips usually leave the cutting device in an air-stream induced by the fan effect of the chipping mechanism and are thus automatically conveyed into transport vehicles or stockpiles. Power requirements are around 300 horsepower for a machine capable of chipping around 25 ton/hours. 

Fig. 6.73 G ravikon VC 25. (a) Complete device, ready for use (b) cutting device (c) fine dust collection head, impactor and(for comparison) total dust collection head.

The cutting device this receives the formed material and sizes it as per requirements by making a cross-cut (and sometimes a longitudinal one). 

Multiple column extrusion is predominantly applied in the structural ceramic industry where up to 20 columns are extruded side by side and cut by an appropriate cutting device (Fig. 9). The benefits of such type of extrusion are ... 

Figure 14 shows a mobile cutting device which guarantees an accurate cutting of the green blanks to different lengths. 

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